An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of AssentNewman, John Henry
Religion
An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent
Newman, John Henry
Faith; Theism
However, I do not put forward the mystery as the direct object of real
or religious apprehension; nor again, the complex doctrine (when it is
viewed, _per modum unius_, as one whole), in which the mystery lies.
Let it be observed, it is possible for the mind to hold a number of
propositions either in their combination as one whole, or one by one;
one by one, with an intelligent perception indeed of each, and of the
general direction of each towards the rest, yet of each separately
from the rest, for its own sake only, and not in connexion and one
with the rest. Thus I may know London quite well, and find my way from
street to street in any part of it without difficulty, yet be quite
unable to draw a map of it. Comparison, calculation, cataloguing,
arranging, classifying, are intellectual acts subsequent upon, and not
necessary for, a real apprehension of the things on which they are
exercised. Strictly speaking then, the dogma of the Holy Trinity, as a
complex whole, or as a mystery, is not the formal object of religious
apprehension and assent; but as a number of propositions, taken one
by one. That mystery also is of course the object of assent, but it
is the notional object; and when presented to religious minds, it is
received by them notionally; and again implicitly, viz. in the real
assent which they give to the word of God as conveyed to them through
the instrumentality of His Church. On these points it may be right to
enlarge.
Of course, as I have been saying, a man of ordinary intelligence
will be at once struck with the apparent contrariety between the
propositions one with another which constitute the Heavenly Dogma,
and, by reason of his spontaneous activity of mind and by an habitual
association, he will be compelled to view the Dogma in the light
of that contrariety,—so much so, that to hold one and all of these
separate propositions will be to such a man all one with holding
the mystery, as a mystery; and in consequence he will so hold
it;—but still, I say, so far he will hold it only with a notional
apprehension. He will accurately take in the meaning of each of the
dogmatic propositions in its relation to the rest of them, combining
them into one whole and embracing what he cannot realize, with an
assent, notional indeed, but as genuine and thorough as any real assent
can be. But the question is whether a real assent to the mystery,
as such, is possible; and I say it is not possible, because, while
we can image the separate propositions, we cannot image them all
together. We cannot, because the mystery transcends all our experience;
we have no experiences in our memory which we can put together,
compare, contrast, unite, and thereby transmute into an image of the
Ineffable Verity;—certainly; but what is in some degree a matter of
experience, what is presented for the imagination, the affections,
the devotion, the spiritual life of the Christian to repose upon
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