An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of AssentNewman, John Henry
Religion
An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent
Newman, John Henry
Faith; Theism
What is more remarkable still, a like silence as to the mysteriousness
of the doctrine is observed in the successive definitions of the Church
concerning it. Confession after confession, canon after canon is drawn
up in the course of centuries; Popes and Councils have found it their
duty to insist afresh upon the dogma; they have enunciated it in new
or additional propositions; but not even in their most elaborate
formularies do they use the word “mystery,” as far as I know. The
great Council of Toledo pursues the scientific ramifications of the
doctrine, with the exact diligence of theology, at a length four times
that of the Athanasian Creed; the fourth Lateran completes, by a final
enunciation, the development of the sacred doctrine after the mind
of St. Augustine; the Creed of Pope Pius IV. prescribes the general
rule of faith against the heresies of these latter times; but in none
of them do we find either the word “mystery,” or any suggestion of
mysteriousness.
Such is the usage of the Church in its dogmatic statements concerning
the Holy Trinity, as if fulfilling the maxim, “Lex orandi, lex
credendi.” I suppose it is founded on a tradition, because the
custom is otherwise as regards catechisms and theological treatises.
These belong to particular ages and places, and are addressed to the
intellect. In them, certainly, the mysteriousness of the doctrine is
almost uniformly insisted on. But, however this contrast of usage
is to be explained, the Creeds are enough to show that the dogma
may be taught in its fulness for the purposes of popular faith and
devotion without directly insisting on that mysteriousness, which is
necessarily involved in the combined view of its separate propositions.
That systematized whole is the object of notional assent, and its
propositions, one by one, are the objects of real.
To show this in fact, I will enumerate the separate propositions of
which the dogma consists. They are nine, and stand as follows:—
1. There are Three who give testimony in heaven, the Father, the Word
or Son, and the Holy Spirit. 2. From the Father is, and ever has been,
the Son. 3. From the Father and Son is, and ever has been, the Spirit.
4. The Father is the One Eternal Personal God. 5. The Son is the One
Eternal Personal God. 6. The Spirit is the One Eternal Personal God.
7. The Father is not the Son. 8. The Son is not the Holy Ghost. 9. The
Holy Ghost is not the Father.
Now I think it is a fact, that, whereas these nine propositions
contain the Mystery, yet, taken, not as a whole, but separately,
each by itself, they are not only apprehensible, but admit of a real
apprehension.
Thus, for instance, if the proposition “There is One who bears witness
of Himself,” or “reveals Himself,” would admit of a real assent, why
does not also the proposition “There are Three who bear witness”?
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