Padua, _montes pietatis_ at, 196. Palgrave, 30, 105, 112, 135, 212. Parma, _montes pietatis_ at, 196. Partnership, division of remuneration, 209. scholastic teaching on, 202, 205 _et seq._ the two kinds of, 209. _Parvificentia_, a sin, 77, 78. _Patria, potestas_, 226. Pelagius, views condemned by Council, A.D. 415, 61. Pennafort, Raymond de, 27, 149. _Periculum sortis_, 191, 192, 212. Périn, 183, 226. Perugia, _montes pietatis_ at, 196. Philip the Fair, his method of increasing the revenue, 216. Philosophers, the, their condemnation of usury, 161. Pigonneau, 146. Plato, his objection to usury, 161. Plutarch, attitude to usury, 163. _Poena conventionalis_, 185. difference from interest, 186. Political economy, errors of classical school, 8. difference between mediæval and modern methods, 6. Pope, the, his denunciation of Philip the Fair, 216. the spiritual vicar of God, 10. Popes, the, and almsgiving, 69. pronouncements by, on rent, 204. their protection of _montes pietatis_, 197. Population, mediæval attitude to, 224. Poverty, as the cause of sin, 78. Prescription, as title to property, 65. Price, just, _see_ Just price. Priscian, 14. Prodigality, an offence against liberality, 79. a sin towards the individual and the community, 78. distinction from liberality, 76. Production, an honourable vocation, 226. cost of, as a factor in determining value, 111 _et seq._ extended, the aim of mediæval teaching, 223. regulation of, 32. Professions, _see_ Labour. Profit, of the campsor to be determined by just price, 158. 'Profiteer,' the, doctrine of just price a weapon against, 125. Profiteering, prohibition of, 151. Property, duties attaching to, 69. duties in respect of exchange of, 102. immovable, rule for determining value, 120. in human beings, 88. private, duties attaching to, 40. right of, 39. teaching of mediæval Church, 41 _et seq._ the foundation of mediæval economics, 40. the keystone of economic system of later theologians, 66. _Proverbs_, 165. Prutz, 146. _Psalms_, 137, 165, 171.