Though the first edition of the present work was quite large, yet no challenge of the accuracy of any of its statements concerning experimentation upon human beings or animals has yet appeared. To hope for absolute accuracy in a work of this character may be impossible; yet that ideal has been constantly before the writer. Should any errors of the kind be discovered to exist in the present edition, their indication is sincerely desired. In the chapter "Unfair Methods of Controversy" some illustrative cases were given without mention, now and then, of the persons criticized. It seemed to the writer that in certain instances it should be quite sufficient to point out and to condemn inaccuracies and errors without bringing upon the record every individual name. No misunderstanding could possibly exist, since the references were ample in every case. But since this reticence, in at least one instance, has been criticized by an unfriendly reviewer, it is perhaps better to state that the repeated allusions to Lord Lister's journeyings to France, and the article in Harper's Monthly for April, 1909, were from the pen of the author of Animal Experimentation--a work which is reviewed in the Appendix to the present edition. To his advanced age--now far beyond the allotted span--we may ascribe the inaccuracies which, at an earlier period of his career, would doubtless have been recognized. A. L. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION - - - - - xi I. WHAT IS VIVISECTION? - - - - 1 II. ON CERTAIN MISTAKES OF SCIENTISTS - - 12 III. AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY VIVISECTOR - - - 22 IV. MAGENDIE AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES - - - 29 V. A VIVISECTOR'S REMORSE - - - - 47 VI. IS TORTURE JUSTIFIED BY UTILITY? - - 57 VII. THE COMMENCEMENT OF AGITATION - - - 66 VIII. ATTAINMENT OF REGULATION IN ENGLAND - - 88 IX. A GREAT PROTESTANT - - - - 113 X. THE VIVISECTION REPORT OF 1912 - - - 127 XI. THE ANAESTHETIC DELUSION - - - 149 XII. THE VIVISECTION OF TO-DAY - - - 162 XIII. WHAT IS VIVISECTION REFORM? - - - 196 XIV. THE WORK OF REFORM SOCIETIES - - - 216 XV. UNFAIR METHODS OF CONTROVERSY - - - 228 XVI. RESEARCH WITHOUT VIVISECTION - - - 254 XVII. THE FUTURE OF VIVISECTION - - - 276 XVIII. THE FINAL PHASE: EXPERIMENTATION ON MAN - 289 XIX. CONCLUSION - - - - - 326