An examination of some methods employed in determining the atomic weight of Cadmium — John Shaqi
An examination of some methods employed in determining the atomic weight of CadmiumBucher, John Emery
History
An examination of some methods employed in determining the atomic weight of Cadmium
Bucher, John Emery
Cadmium; Thesis (Ph. D.)
The metal was placed in cavity A and a stream of chlorine passed through
the tube. The chlorine was prepared from potassium bichromate and
hydrochloric acid and dried by passing it through a long tube containing
calcium chloride. When the air had been displaced, the cadmium was
heated. It fused and began to burn to the chloride which partly flowed
over the bridge into cavity B and partly distilled over into this
cavity. When the reaction had ended, the current of chlorine was
replaced by one of dry nitrogen, and the tube was allowed to cool and
the chloride taken for analysis XX. The specimen used in analysis
twenty-one was prepared in exactly the same way, only the chlorine used
was obtained from manganese dioxide, sodium chloride and sulphuric acid,
and was dried with phosphorous pentoxide instead of calcium chloride.
The special treatment of the portions taken for analysis was as follows:
Those taken for determinations I, II and from XI to XIX inclusive were
placed in a platinum boat and put into combustion tube. A current of
hydrochloric acid gas obtained by heating the aqueous acid was passed
through the tube. The gas had been dried by calcium chloride. When the
air was displaced, the chloride was heated somewhat higher than its
fusing-point i.e. to incipient redness, and maintained there for a
length of time varying from a few minutes to more than an hour. The
hydrochloric acid was then displaced by a current of nitrogen, and the
chloride allowed to cool. The boat with the chloride, while still
slightly warm, was placed in a weighing-tube, cooled in a dedicator
containing caustic potash and weighed. The chloride thus prepared is
transparent and presents only a small surface to the air. It takes water
up so slowly that no error is introduced from this source. This was
tested in one case by allowing a boat containing some chloride thus
prepared to stand in the air for a certain length of time and noting the
increase in weight. It was quite slow. In several cases specimens of
chloride were tested for hydrochloric acid using tropaeolin as an
indicator. It was always found neutral. The portions used for
determinations III and VI to X inclusive were prepared in exactly the
same manner as the preceding ones except that the hydrochloric acid gas
in which they were fused was not dried but used just as it came from the
aqueous acid. In some cases the platinum boat in which the chloride was
fused was weighed before and after the fusion. The weight remained
unchanged.
For determinations IV and V, about six grammes of cadmium chloride were
placed in a platinum boat, and more than two-thirds of it distilled out
in a current of hydrochloric acid gas which had not been dried. Part of
the distillate was collected after cooling in nitrogen and used in
determination IV while the residue remaining in the boat was used for
determination V. The method of preparing the chloride used in
determinations XX and XXI has already been described.
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