An examination of some methods employed in determining the atomic weight of CadmiumBucher, John Emery
History
An examination of some methods employed in determining the atomic weight of Cadmium
Bucher, John Emery
Cadmium; Thesis (Ph. D.)
The filtrate was evaporated to
expel the nitric acid and the residue taken up with water and tested for
cadmium with hydrogen sulphide. An appreciable quantity was always
found. This method of examination does not show the occluded silver
nitrate. Another error which tends to lower the atomic weight found is
due to the platinum crucibles used for filtering. If a silver nitrate
solution is filtered through such a crucible there will be an increase
in weight due to silver being deposited. This takes place in acidified
solutions as well as in neutral ones. Washing with ammonia does not
remove the deposit, but strong nitric acid does, the washings giving a
test for silver. Whether the depositing of silver is due to the action
of spongy platinum in contact with the compact metal of the crucible or
to some impurity in the platinum sponge was not determined, but the
former seems by far the most probable. The increase in weight during the
time required for filtering a determination must have been quite small
however. The samples of cadmium chloride employed for determinations XX
and XXI were prepared by burning cadmium in a current of chlorine. The
glass tube used was attached somewhat and the solution of the chloride
was very slightly turbid in each case. The turbidity was so slight
however, that no very serious error could have resulted from it,
particularly as it was probably partly counterbalanced by the formation
of some potassium chloride. For more accurate work, it should have been
made and redistilled in a porcelain tube. These two samples were tested
for free chlorine with potassium iodide and starch paste, but none was
found. Some of the specimens of chloride prepared by fusion in a current
of hydrochloric acid were found to be neutral, using tropaeolin as an
indicator.
As nearly as can be judged, the above errors would probably
counterbalance each other to a great extent, and thus give a fairly
close approximation to the atomic weight of cadmium when the average of
all the determinations is taken. The value 112.383 thus obtained can
only be regarded as tentative.
The Bromide method.
Huntington (Proc. Amer. Acad. 11.28) working under the direction of J.
P. Cooke, determined the ratio of cadmium bromide to silver bromide and
using the total quantities for the calculation the result for the atomic
weight of cadmium is 112.239. He also determined the ratio of cadmium
bromide to silver, obtaining 112.245 for the atomic weight of cadmium.
The work which will now be described was carried out very much like the
work described under the chloride method. The ratio of cadmium bromide
to silver bromide was investigated.
Preparation of Cadmium Bromide and Hydrobromic Acid.
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