1411-1414 Brethren of the Cross—Men of Intelligence 385 1488-1498 Savonarola 386 XXIV.—THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. Demoralization of the sacerdotal body 388 1418 Futile efforts of the Council of Constance 390 1422 Efforts of Martin V. 392 Undiminished corruption and symptoms of revolt 393 1435 The Council of Bâle attempts a reform 395 Impotence of the Basilian canons—Venality of the papal court 396 1484-1500 Condition of the church in Italy, France, England, Spain, Germany, and Hungary 398 1496 Relaxation of monastic discipline 402 1476 John of Nicklaushausen 405 Sacerdotal marriage advocated as a remedy 405 1479 John of Oberwesel 407 1485 Heresy of Jean Laillier 408 XXV.—THE REFORMATION IN GERMANY. Irreverential spirit of the sixteenth century 410 1510 Complaints of the Germans against the church 411 Immobility of the church 412 Popular movement—Luther and Erasmus 413 1518 Official opposition to the abuses of the church 416 1517-1520 Luther neglects the question of celibacy—his gradual progress 417 1521 First examples of sacerdotal marriage 419 Approved by Carlostadt—Disapproved by Luther 419 1522 Zwingli demands sacerdotal marriage—Luther adopts it 421 1524 Efforts of the church to repress the movement 423 Popular approbation—Protection in high quarters 424 1523-1524 Emancipation of nuns and monks 425 1525 Marriage of Luther 425 Causes of popular acquiescence in the change 427 Extreme immorality of the clergy 427 Admitted by the Catholics to justify heresy 430 1522-1526 Erasmus advocates clerical marriage 432 Assistance from ambition of temporal princes 434 1530 Efforts at reunion—Confession of Augsburg 435 Failure of reconciliation—League of Schmalkalden 438 The Anabaptists 438