1559 Delay in authorizing marriage—Uncertainty of the married clergy 487 Elizabeth yields, but imposes degrading restrictions on clerical marriage 488 1563 The Thirty-nine Articles—Increased emphasis of permission to marry 490 Elizabeth maintains her prejudices 491 Disrepute of sacerdotal marriage—Evil effects on the Anglican clergy 494 XXVII.—CALVINISM. 1559-1640 The Huguenot Churches 498 The Reformation in Scotland 501 Corruption of the Scottish church in the sixteenth century 501 1542-1559 Efforts at internal reform—their fruitlessness 504 Marriage assumed as a matter of course by the Protestants 506 Temporal motives assisting the Reformation 507 Poverty of the Scottish church establishment 508 Influence of celibacy on the struggle 509 1560 No formal recognition of clerical marriage thought necessary 512 XXVIII.—THE COUNCIL OF TRENT. 1524-1536 Efforts at internal reform 514 Universal demand for a general council—Convoked at Mantua in 1536 519 1542-1547 Assembles at Trent—it labors to separate, not to reunite the churches 520 1551-1552 Reassembles at Trent—is again broken up 521 1562 Again assembles for the last time 522 1536 Paul III. essays an internal reform without result 522 1548 Charles V. tries to reform the German church 524 1548-1551 Local reformatory synods—their failure 525 1560 Clerical marriage demanded as a last resort 529 Clerical corruption urged as the reason 530 1563 The French court joins in the demand 533 1560 The question prejudged 533 1563 The council makes celibacy a point of faith 536 Attempts a reformation 538 1563-1564 The German princes continue their efforts 539 Essays of Cassander and Wicelius 542 1564 Maximilian II. renews the attempt 543