His requests peremptorily rejected 544 XXIX.—THE POST-TRIDENTINE CHURCH. Reception of the Council of Trent except in France 546 1566-1572 Pius V. endeavors to effect a reform 547 1568-1570 Labors of St. Charles Borromeo at Milan 550 1565-1597 Reforms vainly attempted by Italian councils 552 1569-1668 Condition of the church in Central Europe 553 Marriage still practised until 1628 556 Clerical immorality still a justification of heresy 556 1560-1624 Condition of the church in France 558 The residence of women conceded 561 The church in the Spanish Colonies 562 Abuse of the confessional 566 Abuse of the power of absolution 575 Influence of the casuistic spirit 578 XXX.—THE CHURCH AND THE REVOLUTION. Sacerdotal marriage obsolete—Grandier, Du Pin, Bossuet 581 1758-1800 The eighteenth century—Controversy reopened 582 1783 Joseph II. proposes to permit sacerdotal marriage 583 1760-1787 Clerical immorality undiminished 585 1789 The French Revolution 588 1789-1790 Confiscation of church property—Suppression of monachism 589 1791 Celibacy deprived of legal protection—Marriage of priests 590 1793 Marriage becomes a test of good citizenship 592 Persecution of the unmarried clergy 592 Resistance of the great body of the clergy 594 1795-1797 Married clergy repudiated by their bishops 595 1801 Celibacy restored by the Concordat 595 1801-1807 Clerical marriage continues—Napoleon decides against it 597 XXXI.—THE CHURCH OF TO-DAY. 1815-1883 Vacillating policy in France as to clerical marriage 599 1821-1866 Various movements in favor of clerical marriage 601 Immobility of the church 603 1878 The Old Catholics adopt clerical marriage 604 Civil marriage laws opposed by the church 605 Celibacy not likely to be disturbed 607 1820-1867 Suppression of monastic orders 608