An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (Vol. 2 of 2): Being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. In which are particularly considered population, agriculture, trade, industry, money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit, and taxesSteuart, James, Sir
General
An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (Vol. 2 of 2): Being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. In which are particularly considered population, agriculture, trade, industry, money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit, and taxes
Steuart, James, Sir
Economics
To absorb 100 millions of the most discredited articles of the King’s
debts, 200,000 actions or shares of this company were created. These
were rated at 500 livres each, and the subscription for the actions was
ordered to be paid in _billets d’etat_, so much discredited by reason of
the bad payment of the interest, that 500 livres, nominal value in these
billets, would not have sold upon change for above 160 or 170 livres. In
the subscription they were taken for the full value. As these actions
became part of the company’s stock, and as the interest of the billets
was to be paid to them by the King, this was effectually a loan from the
company to the King of 100 millions at 4 _per cent._
The next step was to pay the interest regularly to the company. Upon
this the actions which had been bought for 170 livres, real value,
mounted to par, that is, to 500 livres.
This was ascribed to the wonderful operations of the bank; whereas it
was wholly owing to the regular payment of the interest.
In May following 1719, the East India company was incorporated with the
West India company: and the 200,000 actions formerly created, were to be
entitled to a common share of the profits of the joint trade.
But as the sale of the first actions had produced no liquid value which
could be turned into trade (having been paid for in state billets) a new
creation of 50,000 new actions was made in June 1719, and the
subscription opened at 550 livres payable in effective coin.
The confidence of the public in Mr. Law, was at this time so great, that
they might have sold for much more: but it was judged expedient to limit
the subscriptions to this sum; leaving the price of the actions to rise
in the market, according to demand, in favour of the original
subscribers.
This money amounting to 27 500 000 livres in coin, was to be employed in
building of ships, and other preparations for carrying on the trade.
The hopes of the public were so much raised by the favourable appearance
of a most lucrative trade, that more actions were greedily demanded.
Accordingly in a month after (July 1719) another creation was made of
50,000 actions; and the price of them fixed at 1000 livres.
It must be observed, that all actions delivered by the company of the
Indies, originally contained an obligation on the company for no more
than 4 _per cent._ upon the value of 500 livres, with a proportion of
the profits on the trade; so that the rise of the actions proceeded
entirely from the hopes of those great profits, and from the sinking of
the rate of interest; a consequence of the plenty of money to be lent.
But besides the trade, what raised their value at this time, was, that
just before the last creation of actions, the King had made over the
mint to the company for a consideration of 50 millions of livres; and
this opened a new branch of profit to every one interested.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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