XXIX THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR 465 XXX STRUGGLE IN ENGLAND FOR CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT 475 XXXI THE ASCENDENCY OF FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XIV 495 XXXII RISE OF RUSSIA AND PRUSSIA 509 XXXIII THE EXPANSION OF ENGLAND 523 XXXIV THE EVE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 537 XXXV THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 558 XXXVI THE FIRST FRENCH REPUBLIC 574 XXXVII NAPOLEON BONAPARTE 592 XXXVIII EUROPE AND NAPOLEON 606 XXXIX EUROPE AFTER THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA 625 XL THE UNIFICATION OF ITALY AND GERMANY 642 XLI EUROPE OF TO-DAY 671 LIST OF BOOKS 689 INDEX 691 LIST OF MAPS PAGE 1 The Roman Empire at its Greatest Extent 8-9 2 The Barbarian Inroads 26-27 3 Europe in the Time of Theodoric 31 4 The Dominions of the Franks under the Merovingians 37 5 Christian Missions 63 6 Arabic Conquests 71 7 The Empire of Charlemagne 82-83 8 Treaty of Verdun 93 9 Treaty of Mersen 95 10 Fiefs and Suzerains of the Counts of Champagne 113 11 France at the Close of the Reign of Philip Augustus 129 12 The Plantagenet Possessions in England and France 141 13 Europe about A.D.1000 152-153 14 Italian Towns in the Twelfth Century 175 15 Routes of the Crusaders 190-191 16 The Crusaders' States in Syria 193 17 Ecclesiastical Map of France in the Middle Ages 205 18 Lines of Trade and Mediæval Towns 242-243 19 The British Isles 278-279 20 Treaty of Bretigny, 1360 287 21 French Possessions of the English King in 1424 294 22 France under Louis XI 298-299 23 Voyages of Discovery 349 24 Europe in the Sixteenth Century 358-359 25 Germany in the Sixteenth Century 372-373 26 The Swiss Confederation 422