_Economic Changes of the Later Fifteenth and the Sixteenth Centuries_ 36. National Affairs from 1461 to 1603..................... 136 37. Enclosures............................................. 141 38. Internal Divisions in the Craft Gilds.................. 147 39. Change of Location of Industries....................... 151 40. The Influence of the Government on the Gilds........... 154 41. General Causes and Evidences of the Decay of the Gilds. 159 42. The Growth of Native Commerce.......................... 161 43. The Merchants Adventurers.............................. 164 44. Government Encouragement of Commerce................... 167 45. The Currency........................................... 169 46. Interest............................................... 171 47. Paternal Government.................................... 173 48. Bibliography........................................... 176 CHAPTER VII The Expansion Of England _Economic Changes of the Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries_ 49. National Affairs from 1603 to 1760..................... 177 50. The Extension of Agriculture........................... 183 51. The Domestic System of Manufactures.................... 185 52. Commerce under the Navigation Acts..................... 189 53. Finance................................................ 193 54. Bibliography........................................... 198 CHAPTER VIII The Period Of The Industrial Revolution _Economic Changes of the Later Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries_ 55. National Affairs from 1760 to 1830..................... 199 56. The Great Mechanical Inventions........................ 203 57. The Factory System..................................... 212 58. Iron, Coal, and Transportation......................... 214 59. The Revival of Enclosures.............................. 216 60. Decay of Domestic Manufacture.......................... 220 61. The _Laissez-faire_ Theory............................. 224 62. Cessation of Government Regulation..................... 228 63. Individualism.......................................... 232 64. Social Conditions at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century................................................ 235 65. Bibliography........................................... 239 CHAPTER IX The Extension Of Government Control _Factory Laws, the Modification of Land Ownership, Sanitary Regulations, and New Public Services_ 66. National Affairs from 1830 to 1900..................... 240 67. The Beginning of Factory Legislation................... 244 68. Arguments for and against Factory Legislation.......... 249 69. Factory Legislation to 1847............................ 254 70. The Extension of Factory Legislation................... 256 71. Employers' Liability Acts.............................. 260