Anatomy and Embalming: A Treatise on the Science and Art of Embalming, the Latest and Most Successful Methods of Treatment and the General Anatomy Relating to this Subject — John Shaqi
Anatomy and Embalming: A Treatise on the Science and Art of Embalming, the Latest and Most Successful Methods of Treatment and the General Anatomy Relating to this SubjectNunnamaker, Albert John
Science
Anatomy and Embalming: A Treatise on the Science and Art of Embalming, the Latest and Most Successful Methods of Treatment and the General Anatomy Relating to this Subject
Nunnamaker, Albert John
Embalming
=Ethiopians.=—The Ethiopians coated the bodies of their dead with waxy
covering called parget. The same comment given on the Babylonian and
Scythian processes must also be used here.
=Romans.=—The disposition of the dead among the Romans embraced the
following treatment: the deceased was first washed with hot water
varied with oil, at intervals, for seven days; was dressed and embalmed
with the performance of a variety of singular ceremonies. Cremation
was then the means of ultimate disposal of the dead, the ashes being
gathered and placed in urns and then the urns, in turn, were placed in
tombs.
=Greeks.=—Homer describes cremation, as an honorable mode of sepulture
practiced in the heroic ages. Later from their many conquests, the
Greeks acquired the art of embalming patterned after the Arabian and
Assyrian-Persian methods, of which we have no record.
=Norsemen.=—It appears from the sages that a form of cremation was used
by the early Norsemen, who used to place the viking in his ship and
send him “flaming out to sea.” Later it became the custom to place him,
with all his belongings, in his vessel set on an even keel, and entomb
him beneath a mound of earth.
=Hindoos.=—Suttee (from Sati-a virtuous wife), an Indian custom,
involving the burning of widows on the same funeral pyre as the
husband, was the rule until 1829 A. D.
=French and Belgians.=—Paleolithic cave dwellers of France and
Belgium buried their dead in natural caves or crevices, like those in
which they lived. Later stone-age people throughout Europe buried in
chambered barrows or cairns. Bronze age people buried in unchambered
barrows or in cemeteries of stone cists set in the ground often on a
natural eminence, and surrounded by circles of standing stones. The
cist was formed of a double row of stones covered with rude stone
slabs.
=Britains.=—Neolithic tribes in Britain buried either in caves or in
chambered tombs, probably representing the huts of the living. Some of
these barrows are very elaborate and massive; that of West Kennett is
said to be 350 feet long. The dead were buried in the British tombs as
they died, or in a contracted posture, probably due to their habit of
sleeping in this position, and not at full length on a bed. Many cleft
skulls are found in these tombs, suggesting human sacrifice, which as
Caesar tells us, was prevalent among the Gauls. The bronze age usages
were divided between burying and cremation. In burying, the contracted
posture was followed. In cremation, the body was placed in a coffin
made of the hollow trunk of an oak, split in two. In cremation, the
ashes were collected in a funeral urn, twelve to eighteen inches high
and were placed in a chamber. Articles of daily use were thrown into
the fire.
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