Mound-Builders, their national name unknown, 14, 57; their mound-work and its uses, 17-19; like mound-work in Mexico and Central America, 70, 71, 72; their civilization, 33-39; used wood for building material, 70, 71; their inclosures, 19-24; their works at the south, 24, 27; their principal settlements, 30, 31, 34; their border settlements, 52; had commerce with Mexico, 73; relics of their manufactures, 40, 41, 61; their long stay in the country, 51-55; were not ancestors of wild Indians, 58-61; came from Mexico, 70; were connected with Mexico through Texas, 73; probably were Toltecs, 74, 200-3. Muyscas, their civilization, 271. Nahuatl or Toltec chronology, 203-4. Natchez Indians, were they degenerate Mound-Builders, 58, 56. Northmen in America, 279-85; they discovered Greenland, 280; their settlements in Greenland, 280-1, 284; Biarni’s constrained voyage to Massachusetts in 985 A.D., 163, 281; subsequent voyages to New England, 281-4; encounters with the Indians, 282, 283; the Norse settlements in Vinland were probably lumbering and trading establishments, 284; not people enough in Greenland and Iceland to make extensive settlements, 284; written narratives of these discoveries, 279-80. Origin of Mexican and Central American civilization, theories of, 165-183; the “lost tribes” theory absurd, 166-7; the Malay theory untenable, 170-1; the Phœnician theory fails to explain it, 173-4; the Atlantic theory explained by Brasseur de Bourbourg not likely to be received, 182; it was an original American civilization, 184; may have begun in South America, 185, 246, 272-3. Orton, Prof., on Peruvian antiquity, 273, 274. Pacific islands, their antiquities, 288-92. Palenque, Stephens’s first view of, 100; this city’s name unknown, 104; supposed to have been the ancient Xibalba, 199; some of its ruins described, 105-9; extent of the old city can not be determined, 96, 105; difficulties of exploration, 105, 110; the cross at Palenque, 109; aqueduct, 105. Papantla, its remarkable stone pyramid, 91, 92; important ruins in the forests of Papantla and Misantla, 91. Paper, Peruvian name of, 267; manufacture of, for writing, proscribed in the second period of Peruvian history, 267. Peruvian ancient history, 257-67. Peruvian civilization, 246; differed from Central American, 222-3, 246; is seen in the civil and industrial organization, 247; in their agriculture, 247; in their manufactures, 247-51; their dyes, 247-8; their skill in gold-work, 249; the abundance of gold-work, 249-50; their schools of the _amautas_, 253, 263; their literature, 255; anciently had the art of writing, 255, 267; had names for iron, and said to have worked iron mines, 248-9.