Ancient calendars and constellationsPlunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
History
Ancient calendars and constellations
Plunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
Astronomy, Ancient; Calendar; Constellations
But during all the ages the winter solstice moved on steadily through
almost a quarter of the great circle of the ecliptic,[13] and in the
second century B.C., the _spring equinox_ was not far from the same
point of the star-marked ecliptic where the _winter solstice_ had been
when first the calendar-makers had “fixed” the constellations “for the
twelve months from the day when the year issues forth to the close,”
and we who now read the almanacs drawn up at that late period of
Babylonian history are not (as has been said above) surprised to find
the year “_beginning with Nisan, hence in the spring_.” (See Plate I.,
fig. 2.)
[13] This moving of the equinoctial point through a _quarter_ of the
great circle may perhaps explain the tradition to which Syncellus
twice alludes, once when he states that Eusebius was aware of the
Greek opinion that many ages, or rather myriads of years had passed
since the creation of the world, _during the mythical retrograde
movement of the Zodiac, from the beginning of Aries, and its return
again to the same point_ (_Chronographia_, p. 17.)
And again at p. 52, he refers to “the return of the Zodiac to its
original position, according to the stories of the Greeks and
Egyptians, that is to say, the revolution from one point back again
to the same point, which is the first minute of the first division
of the equinoctial sign of the Zodiac, which is called κριος (Aries)
by them, as has been stated in the _Genica_ of Hermes and in the
Cyrannid books.”
He goes on to say that this is the ground of the chronological
division of Claudius Ptolemy.
Jean Silvain Bailly, speaking of the Indian Zodiac, the beginning of
which is placed by the Brahmins at the first point of Aries, suggests
that a similar tradition may have prevailed amongst the Indians and
other ancient nations to account for the pre-eminence so generally
accorded to Aries. He says:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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