Ancient calendars and constellationsPlunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
History
Ancient calendars and constellations
Plunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
Astronomy, Ancient; Calendar; Constellations
“Mais pourquoi ont-ils choisi cette constellation pour la première?
Il est évident que c’est une affaire de préjugé et de superstition;
le choix du premier point dans un cercle est arbitraire. Ils auront
été décidés par quelque ancienne tradition, telle par example que
celle que Muradi rapporte d’après Albumassar et deux anciens livres
égyptiens, où on lisoit que le monde avoit été renouvellé après le
déluge lorsque le soleil étoit au 1° du bélier, régulus étant dans
le colure des solstices. D’Herbelot ne parle point de régulus; mais
il dit que selon Albumassar les sept planètes étoient en conjonction
au premier point du bélier lors de la création du monde. Cette
tradition, sans doute fabuleuse, qui venoit des mêmes préjugés que
celle de Bérose, étoit asiatique. Elle a pu suffire, ou telle autre
du même genre, pour fonder la préférence que les brames, ou les
anciens en général, ont donnée à la constellation du bélier, en
l’établissant la première de leur zodiaque. Ils ont cru que ce point
du zodiaque étoit une source de renouvellement, et ils ont dit que
le zodiaque et l’année se renouvelloient au même point où le monde
s’étoit régénéré.” (Bailly, _Histoire de l’Astronomie Ancienne_, pp.
482, 483.)
The propositions contained in this Paper are these:--
I. The Accadian year was counted as a sidereal year.
II. The Accadian calendar was first thought out and originated at a
date not later than 6,000 B.C.
The first proposition is founded on the opinion, long ago expressed
by many Oriental scholars, that the Accadian months corresponded in
very early ages with the constellations of the Zodiac, Nisan--the
month during which the sun was in conjunction with the constellation
Aries--holding the first place then, as also in the latest times of
Babylonian history, and, presumably, through the intervening period.
But even if the first proposition is granted, the second, it must be
confessed, is only an opinion based on the unlikelihood that the old
Accadian and sidereal year, otherwise so skilfully dealt with in the
calendar, should have begun, in what would appear to be a haphazard
manner, at no definite season of the year.
It may seem that too much weight has been attached in this Paper to
what can only be called a guess; but where there is so much that we
desire to know, and so little as yet absolutely known of the early
history of astronomy, the temptation to make such guesses is great.
It is to their earliest heroes and to their gods that the ancient
heathen nations attributed the invention of astronomy, and amongst the
Jews also, according to Josephus, the children of Seth were looked
upon as being the first teachers of the science.[14]
[14] _Antiquitates Judaicæ_, I. 2, § 3.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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