Ancient calendars and constellationsPlunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
History
Ancient calendars and constellations
Plunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
Astronomy, Ancient; Calendar; Constellations
Again the opinion of the Greek writers at the beginning of our era
may be quoted as showing the high estimation in which, at that time
of the world, Indian astronomy was held: as for instance in the life
of Apollonius of Tyana (written about 210 A.D. by Philostratus), the
wisdom and learning of Apollonius are set high above those of all
his contemporaries; but from the sages of India he is represented as
learning many things, especially matters of astronomy.[47]
[47] _Apollonius of Tyana_, Book iii. chapter 13.
This high opinion held by Greeks in regard to Indian astronomy may
be contrasted with the very moderate praise bestowed on the Grecian
science by Garga, a Hindu writer of, it is supposed, the first century
B.C. He says:--
“The Yavanas (Greeks) are Mlechchas (non-Hindus, or barbarians),
but amongst them this science (astronomy) is well established.
Therefore they are honoured as Rishis (saints); how much more then an
astronomer who is a Brahman?”[48]
[48] Romesh Chunder Dutt, _Ancient India_, p. 136.
Somewhat to the same effect speaks a Hindu author of a later date,
Varāhamihira, who wrote an astronomical dissertation treating of five
different works known to him on the science of astronomy. He says:--
“There are the following Siddhântas: The Pauliśa, the Romaka, the
Vâsisṭha, the Saura, and the Paitámaha. Out of these five, the first
two (the Pauliśa and Romaka, which appear to have been European
treatises) have been explained by Lâṱadeva. The Siddhânta made by
Pauliśa is accurate, near to it stands the Siddhánta proclaimed by
Romaka; more accurate is the Sávitra (Saura)[49] (_Sūrya Siddhānta_,
the _Hindu_ standard work); the two remaining ones are far from the
truth.”[50]
[49] This opinion of Varāha has been confirmed by modern European
scholars. Burgess (from whose translations of the _Sūrya Siddhānta_
we have already quoted) remarks, “in regard to ... the amount of the
annual precession of the equinoxes, the relative size of the sun and
moon as compared with the earth, the greatest equation of the centre
of the sun, the Hindus are more nearly correct than the Greeks.”
(_Journal of the American Oriental Society_, vol. vi. p. 480.)
[50] _The Pañchasiddhântikâ._ Edited by G. Thibaut, ch. i. § 3.
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