Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Classical literature -- History and criticism -- Theory, etc.; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Ancient
Still, through all this variety, runs what he
discerned as a common controlling method, the method of suggestion. In
this fundamental _Gulliver’s Travels_ and the _Sentimental Journey_ and
_The Lady of the Lake_, to take examples as different as possible, belong
together; and together they belong apart from _Othello_.
Thirdly, what is the significance of grouping all these forms of poetic
art with music and dancing? Painting, which even in Aristotle’s day was
a fine art, is mentioned only as an analogy from another group. Singing,
or chanting, also is only mentioned for analogy, perhaps because it is
not creative. Architecture may have been omitted as being primarily at
that time a useful art; but sculpture was both a fine art and, perhaps
most obviously of all arts, imitative. Though we need not assume that
Aristotle intended here a comprehensive classification of the arts, it
is clear that he intended to group poetic art with the arts of music and
dancing. Nor is his principle of division far to seek. Clearly he regards
poetic as one of the arts of movement in time, and as distinct from the
static arts of line and color, balance, mass, and pose. True, music and
dance entered largely into early Greek drama and were still present
in the drama of Aristotle’s time; but that fact does not explain the
grouping together of “epic, tragedy, comedy, dithyramb, flute-playing,
and lyre-playing,” with the later inclusion of dancing. Aristotle does
not say that these occur together; and the mention of epic precludes any
such interpretation. He says that they are alike. He saw all poetic art,
especially drama, as primarily an art of movement. What is implied here
in the opening chapter is carried out consistently, in doctrine and in
terms, through the whole book. No one should deny a certain fundamental
likeness among all the arts; but the likeness is not in technic except
among those arts which have like “means” of expression, such as “rhythm,
language, and music.” Modern application of terms from architecture and
painting to drama and story has spread no little confusion. Aristotle
will have us think along right lines; and, as in his _Rhetoric_, the
first chapter is the most important of all. We are to think of poetic
composition not as structure, but as movement.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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