Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative works — John Shaqi
Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Classical literature -- History and criticism -- Theory, etc.; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Ancient
In deliberative oratory[15] the speaker deals with good and bad, not in
the abstract as the philosopher contemplates virtue or happiness, but
in concrete matters of doubt and dispute. So his topic of possibility
is not abstract, as in mathematics, but concrete, in relation to human
will. So in general Aristotle disclaims for his classification of the
ordinary subjects of deliberative oratory any attempt at scientific
division or scientific method of investigation. Those he follows in his
other works; here the analysis that he provides is avowedly practical.
Since in politics,[16] for example, the public speaker needs to know
something of finance, war, commerce, legislation, Aristotle gives him a
suggestive summary of what he should learn. In our modern educational
systems such a summary has far less importance; but the correlation
remains vital. Pedagogically as well as philosophically, deliberative
oratory must be correlated with its natural subject-matter. So to-day
college courses in rhetoric demand correlation with college courses in
history, sociology, economics, and politics. The professors of these
subjects train for investigation, teaching the scientific method proper
to each; the professor of rhetoric trains for presentation, teaching
general methods, Aristotle’s general or “final topics,” for handling all
such material. But unless each method of training can make use of the
other, both will suffer. Rhetoric must lean upon such real knowledge of
a given subject-matter as is furnished by the studies dealing with that
subject-matter scientifically, i.e., by its “special topics.” Meantime
Aristotle’s summary is intended not to explore these special topics, but
to show what they are.
Similarly the student of deliberative oratory needs such a survey of
philosophy[17] as will acquaint him with current ideas concerning
happiness, whether of rank, offspring, wealth, honor, health, beauty,
or strength, and concerning a good old age, friendship, fortune, and
virtue. Therefore Aristotle, summarizing these conceptions, supplies[18]
a cursory examination of good in general and of goods, or good things,
in particular, proceeding[19] both by definition and by comparison, and
not limiting his discussion to the deliberative field. To the latter, and
to politics, he reverts in the concluding chapter[20] of this section by
enumerating briefly the common forms of polity: democracy, oligarchy,
aristocracy, and monarchy.
Since occasional oratory[21] demands an equipment primarily ethical,
Aristotle provides a summary of moral nobility[22] by definition and
comparison. This is applied more specifically than the preceding section
to rhetorical method, in this case to the method of enhancing or
heightening and to the method of comparison.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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