[83] ἡ μὲν οὖν ἐπιδεικτικὴ λέξις γραφικωτάτη· τὸ γὰρ ἔργον αὐτῆς ἀνάγνωσις (1414 a). The intervening reference to Chæremon, a poet said to have been better to read than to hear, as “precise as a professional speech-writer,” should not deviate us here into consideration of speeches written out to be memorized. For a full discussion of the professional speech-writer (λογογράφος) see Cope and Sandys on Book II. xi. 7. Here Aristotle is discussing something different, the adaptation of occasional oratory as nicer and more literary in sentence movement. Perhaps he implies too that such speeches had better be composed, as well as elaborated, in writing. Certainly this kind of oratory, from Isocrates down, regularly included many compositions which we should call essays and which were not even intended to be spoken. [84] Chapters xiii-xix. [85] τέχναι. See Cope, _Introduction_, page 331. [86] Chapter xiii, 1414 a. [87] 1414 b. [88] 1418 b. [89] Chapter xiv, 1415 a. [90] 1415 b-1416 b. [91] 1416 b. [92] Chapter xvi, 1416 b. The counsel is too often forgotten by panegyrists in Congress, perhaps because they are lawyers. [93] 1417 b. [94] See above on style in general (1404 a), on the vividness of the concrete (1404 b), on visualizing metaphor (1410 b), and on describing in action (1411 b). [95] Chapter xvii, 1417 b. For the place of Chapters xvii and xviii in relation to the whole work see foot-note 5 to page 197 of Jebb’s translation. [96] 1418 a. [97] ἐπίλογος. Chapter xix, 1419 b. [98] 1420 a. CHAPTER III RHETORIC IN THE _DE ORATORE_ AND _ORATOR_ OF CICERO[1]