Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Classical literature -- History and criticism -- Theory, etc.; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Ancient
For another illustration, in one of the standard manuals of
versification it is pointed out that the surd mutes (p, k,
t) “help to convey the idea of littleness, delicacy, and
sprightliness,” and that the short vowel i is fitted to
express “joy, gaiety, triviality, rapid movement, and physical
littleness.” To illustrate both assertions, Mercutio’s account
of Queen Mab is cited:
She comes
In shape no bigger than an agate stone, ...
Drawn by a team of little atomies.
Here the effect is perhaps easier to recognize, and even an
obtuse reader thinks he follows the reasoning; but compare
Browning’s lines:
The wroth sea’s waves are edged
With foam, white as the bitten lip of hate.
The “bitten lip” has as many surd mutes and short i’s as the
“little atomies”; but it fails to express sprightliness,
gaiety, or triviality....
The fact is, of course, that all this analysis of sounds
proceeds upon a false assumption. When you say Titan you mean
something big, and when you say tittle you mean something
small; but it is not the sound of either word that means either
bigness or littleness, it is the sense. If you put together
a great many similar consonants in one sentence, they will
attract special attention to the words in which they occur, and
the significance of those words, whatever it may be, is thereby
intensified; but whether the words are “a team of little
atomies” or “a triumphant terrible Titan,” it is not the sound
of the consonants that makes the significance.[37]
Rhythm is discussed in the same order, first[38] by classifying feet
as iambs, trochees, dactyls, etc., then[39] by analyzing their effects
singly and in combination. “A simple rhythm or foot has not less than two
syllables nor more than three.”[40] This is commonly accepted for meter;
but does it hold for the rhythms of prose? Moreover that the foot is
the rhythmical unit, whether in Greek or in other languages, is oftener
assumed than proved. Rhythmical effects, in English at least, seem to be
not so much of feet as of measures, whether verses or clauses. Unless
the foot is actually a unit, for the composer or for the hearer—and
this is at least doubtful—such analysis as that of a noble passage from
the funeral speech in the second book of Thucydides[41] lays too much
stress on the components—spondees, anapests, etc.—and not enough on the
_compositio_, or pace of the sentence. By way of contrast to Thucydides,
Plato, and Demosthenes, Dionysius pillories Hegesias of Magnesia.[42]
Variety of rhythm[43] is discussed more generally, without instances, and
as an introduction to rhythm in prose.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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