Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Classical literature -- History and criticism -- Theory, etc.; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Ancient
Aiming at the easiest transitions within the period, it is careful to
distinguish between periods. The parts coalesce; the units stand out.[53]
This is in line with the doctrine of Aristotle,[54] and is admirably
exemplified by the practise of Cicero. Dionysius’s instances are Sappho
and Isocrates. The third, or blended mode[55] Dionysius labors in vain
to distinguish from the other two. Ingenious as are his analyses of
the three modes, even sometimes suggestive, they fail to establish the
reality of the classification. We can discern in the distinction between
his first two a carrying out—perhaps an undue extension—of Aristotle’s
distinction between the unperiodic style and the periodic.[56] His third
mode seems to be not a mode at all, but merely a reminder that neither of
the other two can be used exclusively or pushed to excess.
As to the distinction of prose rhythms from verse[57] Dionysius quotes
with approval Aristotle’s dictum[58] that prose should be rhythmical
without becoming metrical. It seems plain none the less that his own
taste is for rather marked rhythms even in prose, and that he would
encourage students to go a long way toward meter. Before he closes his
book upon this consideration, he raises quite frankly the question of how
far its analyses have practical value.
I have a presentiment that an onslaught will be made on these
statements by people who are destitute of general culture and
practise the mechanical parts of rhetoric unmethodically and
unscientifically.... Their argument will doubtless be: “Was
Demosthenes, then, so poor a creature that, whenever he was
writing his speeches, he would work in meters and rhythms after
the fashion of clay-modellers, and would try to fit his clauses
into these moulds, shifting the words to and fro, keeping an
anxious eye on his longs and shorts, and fretting himself about
cases of nouns, moods of verbs, and all the accidents of the
parts of speech? So great a man would be a fool indeed were he
to stoop to all this niggling and peddling.” If they scoff and
jeer in these or similar terms, they may easily be countered
by the following reply: “First, it is not surprising after all
that a man who is held to deserve a greater reputation than any
of his predecessors who were distinguished for eloquence was
anxious, when composing eternal works and submitting himself
to the scrutiny of all-testing envy and time, not to admit
either subject or words at random, and to attend carefully to
both arrangements of ideas and beauty of words: particularly
as the authors of that day were producing discourses which
suggested not writing, but carving and chasing—those I mean
of the sophists Isocrates and Plato.... What wonder, then, if
Demosthenes also was careful to secure euphony and melody and
to employ no random or untested word or thought?”[59]
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