Property in the Status of Savagery.—Slow Rate of Progress.—First Rule of Inheritance.—Property Distributed among the Gentiles.—Property in the Lower Status of Barbarism.—Germ of Second Rule of Inheritance.—Distributed among Agnatic Kindred.—Improved Character of Man.—Property in Middle Status.—Rule of Inheritance imperfectly Known.—Agnatic Inheritance Probable. 523 CHAPTER II. THE THREE RULES OF INHERITANCE—CONTINUED. Property in the Upper Status of Barbarism.—Slavery.—Tenure of Lands in Grecian Tribes.—Culture of the Period.—Its Brilliancy.—Third Rule of Inheritance.—Exclusively in Children.—Hebrew Tribes.—Rule of Inheritance.—Daughters of Zelophehad.—Property remained in the Phratry, and probably in the Gens.—The Reversion.—Athenian Inheritance.—Exclusively in Children.—The Reversion.—Inheritance remained in the Gens.—Heiresses.—Wills.—Roman Inheritance.—The Reversion.—Property remained in the Gens.—Appearance of Aristocracy.—Property Career of the Human Race.—Unity of Origin of Mankind. 537 PART I. GROWTH OF INTELLIGENCE THROUGH INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES. ANCIENT SOCIETY CHAPTER I. ETHNICAL PERIODS. PROGRESS OF MANKIND FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE SCALE.—ILLUSTRATED BY INVENTIONS DISCOVERIES AND INSTITUTIONS.—TWO PLANS OF GOVERNMENT—ONE GENTILE AND SOCIAL, GIVING A SOCIETY, (_Societas_); THE OTHER POLITICAL, GIVING A STATE, (_Civitas_).—THE FORMER FOUNDED UPON PERSONS AND GENTILISM; THE LATTER UPON TERRITORY AND PROPERTY.—THE FIRST, THE PLAN OF GOVERNMENT OF ANCIENT SOCIETY.—THE SECOND, THAT OF MODERN OR CIVILIZED SOCIETY.—UNIFORMITY OF HUMAN EXPERIENCE.—PROPOSED ETHNICAL PERIODS—I. LOWER STATUS OF SAVAGERY; II. MIDDLE STATUS OF SAVAGERY; III. UPPER STATUS OF SAVAGERY; IV. LOWER STATUS OF BARBARISM; V. MIDDLE STATUS OF BARBARISM; VI. UPPER STATUS OF BARBARISM; VII. STATUS OF CIVILIZATION. The latest investigations respecting the early condition of the human race, are tending to the conclusion that mankind commenced their career at the bottom of the scale and worked their way up from savagery to civilization through the slow accumulations of experimental knowledge. As it is undeniable that portions of the human family have existed in a state of savagery, other portions in a state of barbarism, and still other portions in a state of civilization, it seems equally so that these three distinct conditions are connected with each other in a natural as well as necessary sequence of progress. Moreover, that this sequence has been historically true of the entire human family, up to the status attained by each branch respectively, is rendered probable by the conditions under which all progress occurs, and by the known advancement of several branches of the family through two or more of these conditions.