This subject was not represented in sculpture or painting before the eleventh century, and but rarely after that until three centuries later, when it was wonderfully portrayed, notably by Orcagna, in the Campo Santo at Pisa. The portions of these pictures for which there is scriptural authority are important. Christ is the Judge in accordance with his own words, Matthew xvi., 27: “For the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father with his angels; and then he shall reward every man according to his works.” And still more emphatically in Matthew xxv., 31-46, where the word-picture of the Judgment is a vividly realistic description of some artistic representations of this scene. The Apostles seated on each side of Christ are also warranted by his words in Luke xxii., 30: “That ye may ... sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.” The Virgin, St. John the Baptist, patriarchs, prophets, and saints are all admissible on the authority of St. Paul, who says, I. Corinthians vi., 2: “Do ye not know that the saints shall judge the world?” And in the following sentence: “Know ye not that we shall judge angels?” The angels are deputed to “gather together his elect from the four winds,” Mark xiii., 27, and those who fill this office are the trumpet angels in all these representations. The division of those to be judged rests, on Daniel xii., 2: “And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt;” and even more positively on Christ’s words in Matthew xxv., already referred to. In the utter absence of scriptural warrant for the picturing of the devil and his satellites, who seize, torture, and hurl into hell those doomed to shame and endless contempt, what defence of it can be made? Certainly none from an artistic standpoint; and this consideration should have prevented such representations. Artists should be commiserated who could not sufficiently express the woe of the condemned by the wretchedness of their faces and manner, as, hearing the fatal “Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels,” they go to the left, not daring [Illustration: FRA ANGELICO.--AN ANGEL CONDUCTING A SOUL TO HEAVEN.] to raise their eyes to Christ, nor even to look at the blessed of his kingdom. It would be a pleasure to consider separately the different methods of representing the Judge of all the world and those surrounding him, as seen in the works of the masters, but we are here concerned with the angels alone, of which, in nearly all these pictures, there are three classes.