13. Left foot of the same animal 50 14. A wauwau in the left foreground (_Hylobates agilis_); in the background to the right, two slender apes (_Semnopithecus entellus_) 51 15. Skull of an aged male gorilla in profile 56 16. Front view of the skull of an aged male gorilla 57 17. Skeleton of an aged male gorilla 65 18. Skull of an aged male chimpanzee 69 19. Skull of a very young female chimpanzee 73 20. Skeleton of the forearm and hand of the Central African bam-chimpanzee 74 21. Skeleton of foot of the Central African bam-chimpanzee 76 22. Skull of middle-aged female orang 77 23. Skeleton of young orang-utan 79 24. The Zulu king, Ketchwayo, in fighting array, with two of his men 85 25. Aidanill, hairless Australian 88 26. The same in profile 88 27. Dewan, Aidanill’s sister 90 28. Human ear 93 29. Magot (_Innuus ecaudatus_) 94 30. Capucin ape (_Cebus capucinus_) 98 31. Hand of a very aged male gorilla 103 32. Hand of a Hammegh from Roseres, on the Blue Nile 104 33. Satan’s ape (_Pithecia Satanas_). Shows the formation and mode of using the feet in apes of the New World 106 34. Human skull 108 35. The Neanderthal skull 115 36. Lower jaw of Moulin-Quignon 119 37. Naulette lower jaw 120 38. Lower jaw of chimpanzee 120 39. Sagittal section through the skull of a bam-chimpanzee 123 40. Human skeleton 132 41. Skeleton of an aged male gorilla 133 42. Skeleton of human hand, back view 136 43. Section through a platycnemic tibia from Cro-Magnon 138 44. Section through the tibia of a male gorilla 138 45. Section through the tibia of a male chimpanzee 138 46. Skeleton of the human foot, seen from above 140 47. Coaita (_Ateles paniscus_) 142 48. Muscles of the head and face of a European 151