Alaska -- Antiquities; Eskimos; Eskimos -- Anthropometry; Indians of North America -- Alaska; Indians of North America -- Yukon
In stature these people are of a medium height, robust, and
muscular, inclining rather to spareness than corpulence, though
the fullness of the face and the thick fur clothing often gives
the impression of the latter. There is, however, considerable
individual variation among them in this respect. The women are
as a rule shorter than the men, occasionally almost dwarfish,
though some women are taller than many of the men. The tallest
man observed measured 5 feet 9½ inches and the shortest 4 feet 11
inches. The tallest woman was 5 feet 3 inches in height and the
shortest 4 feet ½ inch. The heaviest man weighed 204 pounds and the
lightest 126 pounds. One woman weighed 192 pounds and the shortest
woman was also the lightest, weighing only 100 pounds. The hands
and feet are small and well shaped, though the former soon become
distorted and roughened by work. We did not observe the peculiar
breadth of hands noticed by Doctor Simpson, nor is the shortness of
the thumb which he mentions sufficient to attract attention. Their
feet are so small that only one of our party, who is much below
the ordinary size, was able to wear the boots made by the natives
for themselves. Small and delicate hands and feet appear to be a
universal characteristic of the Eskimo race and have been mentioned
by most observers from Greenland to Alaska.
The face is broad, flat, and round, with high cheek bones and
rather low forehead, broad across the brow and narrowing above,
while the head is somewhat pointed toward the crown. The peculiar
shape of the head is somewhat masked by the way of wearing the hair
and is best seen in the skull. The nose is short, with little or
no bridge--few Eskimo were able to wear our spring eyeglasses--and
broad, especially across the alæ nasæ, with a peculiar, rounded,
somewhat bulbous tip, and large nostrils. The eyes are horizontal,
with rather full lids and are but slightly sunken below the level
of the face.
The mouth is large and the lips full, especially the under
one. The teeth are naturally large, and in youth are white and
generally regular, but by middle age they are generally worn down
to flat-crowned stumps, as is usual among the Eskimo. The color of
the skin is a light yellowish brown, with often considerable ruddy
color on the cheeks and lips. There appears to be much natural
variation in the complexion, some women being nearly as fair as
Europeans, while other individuals seem to have naturally a coppery
color. In most cases the complexion appears darker than it really
is from the effects of exposure to the weather. All sunburn very
easily, especially in the spring, when there is a strong reflection
from the snow.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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