Alaska -- Antiquities; Eskimos; Eskimos -- Anthropometry; Indians of North America -- Alaska; Indians of North America -- Yukon
The old are much wrinkled, and they frequently suffer from
watery eyes, with large sacks under them, which begin to form at
a comparatively early age. There is considerable variation in
features, as well as complexion, among them, even in cases where
there seems to be no suspicion of mixed blood. There were several
men among them with decided aquiline noses and something of a
Hebrew cast of countenance. The eyes are of various shades of
dark brown--two pairs of light hazel eyes were observed--and are
often handsome. The hair is black, perfectly straight, and very
thick. With the men it is generally coarser than with the women,
who sometimes have very long and silky hair, though it generally
does not reach much below the shoulders. The eyebrows are thin and
the beard scanty, growing mostly upon the upper lip and chin and
seldom appearing under the age of 20. In this they resemble most
Eskimo. Back, however, speaks of the "luxuriant beards and flowing
mustaches" of the Eskimo of the Great Fish River. Some of the older
men have rather heavy black mustaches, but there is much variation
in this respect. The upper part of the body, as much as is commonly
exposed in the house, is remarkably free from hair. The general
expression is good humored and attractive.
The males, even when very young, are remarkable for their graceful
and dignified carriage. The body is held erect, with the shoulders
square and chest well thrown out, the knees straight, and the
feet firmly planted on the ground. In walking they move with long
swinging elastic strides, the toes well turned out and the arms
swinging. * * *
I should say that they walked like well-built athletic white men.
The women, on the other hand, although possessing good physiques,
are singularly ungraceful in their movements. They walk at a sort
of shuffling half trot, with the toes turned in, the body leaning
forward, and the arms hanging awkwardly.
A noticeable thing about the women is the remarkable flexibility of
the body and limbs and the great length of time they can stand in a
stooping posture. * * * Both men and women have a very fair share
of muscular strength. Some of the women especially showed a power
of carrying heavy loads superior to most white men. We were able to
make no other comparisons of their strength with ours. Their power
of endurance is very great, and both sexes are capable of making
long distances on foot. Two men sometimes spend 24 hours tramping
through the rough ice in search of seals, and we knew of instances
where small parties made journeys of 50 or 75 miles on foot without
stopping to sleep.
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