MODERN COPYBOOK ARABIC ORDINARY UNVOWELLED ARABIC WRITING 244 MOGREBI ARABIC OF NORTH ARABIA 245 PERSIAN STYLE OF WRITING 246 TITLE PAGE OF AN ARABIC CHRISTIAN PAPER 257 CHURNING BUTTER IN A BEDOUIN CAMP ” 266 TRIBAL MARKS OF THE ARABS 279 MANAITIC CURSIVE SCRIPT 287 PASSAGE FROM THE SACRED BOOK OF THE MANDÆANS 299 FACSIMILE COPY OF THE ARABIAN MISSIONARY HYMN 358 THE OLD MISSION HOUSE AT BUSRAH THE KITCHEN OF THE OLD MISSION HOUSE, BUSRAH _Facing_ 360 FOUR MISSIONARY MARTYRS OF ARABIA ” 368 THE BIBLE SHOP AT BUSRAH INTERIOR OF A NATIVE SHOP ” 384 THE RESCUED SLAVE BOYS AT MUSCAT THE ARABIAN MISSION HOUSE AT MUSCAT ” 400 * * * * * Maps and Diagrams PTOLEMY’S ANCIENT MAP OF ARABIA _Facing_ 25 ALI BEY’S PLAN OF THE PROPHET’S MOSQUE AT MECCA ” 36 PLAN OF THE INTERIOR OF THE HUJRAH AT MEDINA 49 MAP OF THE ISLANDS OF BAHREIN 98 NEIBUHR’S MAP OF THE PERSIAN GULF _Facing_ 110 PALGRAVE’S PLAN OF HOFHOOF 113 DIAGRAMS OF MISSIONARY WORK FOR ARABIA 380, 381 MODERN MAP OF ARABIA _End of Book._ [Illustration: VIEW OF MECCA AND THE SACRED MOSQUE] [Illustration: THE REPUTED TOMB OF EVE AT JIDDAH] I THE NEGLECTED PENINSULA “Intersected by sandy deserts and vast ranges of mountains it presents on one side nothing but desolation in its most frightful form, while the other is adorned with all the beauties of the most fertile regions. Such is its position that it enjoys at once all the advantages of hot and of temperate climates. The peculiar productions of regions the most distant from one another are produced here in equal perfection. What Greek and Latin authors mention concerning Arabia proves by its obscurity their ignorance of almost everything respecting the Arabs. Prejudices relative to the inconveniences and dangers of travelling in Arabia have hitherto kept the moderns in equal ignorance.”—_M. Niebuhr_ (1792).