A.D. 1. Abul-Abbas As-Saffah 750--754 2. Al-Mansur 754--775 3. Al-Mahdi 775--785 4. Al-Hadi 785--786 5. Harun-ar-Rashid 786--809 6. Al-Amin 809--812 7. Al-Mamun 812--833 8. Al-Mo'tasim Billah 833--842 9. Al-Wathik 842--847 10. Al-Mutwakkil 847--861 11. Al-Mustansir Billah 861--862 12. Al-Mustain Billah 862--866 13. Al-Mo'tiz Billah 866--869 14. Al-Muhtadi Billah 869--870 15. Al-Mo'tamid 870--892 16. Al-Motazid Billah 892--902 17. Al-Muktafi Billah 902--908 18. Al-Muktadir Billah 908--932 19. Al-Kahir Billah 932--934 20. Al-Radhi Billah 934--940 21. Al-Muttaki Billah 940--944 22. Al-Mustakfi Billah 944--945 23. Al-Mutia Billah 945--974 24. Al-Taya Billah 974--991 25. Al-Kadir Billah 991--1031 26. Al-Kaim Billah 1031--1075 27. Al-Muktadi Billah 1075--1094 28. Al-Mustazhir Billah 1094--1118 29. Al-Mustershid Billah 1118--1135 30. Al-Rashid Billah 1135--1136 31. Al-Muktafi 1136--1160 32. Al-Mustanjid Billah 1160--1170 33. Al-Mustazi 1170--1180 34. Al-Nasir Billah 1180--1225 35. Al-Tahir 1225--1226 36. Al-Mustansir Billah II. 1226--1240 37. Al-Mustaa'sim Billah 1240--1258 He was killed at the taking of Baghdad by Halaku Khan, and the last of the dynasty, which continued, however, as a spiritual power in Egypt till A.D. 1517. The empire over which the Abbasides began to rule in A.D. 750 had gradually dwindled away until little but Baghdad and its environs were left on the fall of the dynasty in A.D. 1258. Will history repeat itself in the same way as regards Constantinople, which in some years may be the only territory left in Europe to a people who once were conquerors, and whose arms even were carried to the walls of Vienna? As Persia, Egypt, Syria, parts of Africa and Arabia, by degrees, were severed from the Abbaside Empire, so the different provinces of Turkey in Europe appear to be slowly separating themselves from the Turkish Power, until finally there will be nothing left to them in Europe but that city whose splendid position will ever make it a bone of contention to both rising and declining States. The following is a list of the Omaiyides who ruled in Spain a.d. 756 to 1031: