Archangel: The American War with RussiaCudahy, John
History
Archangel: The American War with Russia
Cudahy, John
World War, 1914-1918 -- Russia (Federation) -- Arkhangelʹsk
The prisoners taken in this battle of Armistice Day, all except one,
expressed no martyr's devotion to the cause of the Soviets. Some
spoke of being impressed in the Red army at the point of the bayonet,
and being kept in the ranks by the same argument. Others said that
they had joined to escape starvation, and there appeared to be
something plausible in this assertion for as far as we had gone into
the interior the people of the Archangel villages were in desperate
want. The Bolsheviks had commandeered all available food supplies
which at best were not bountiful, barely sufficient to sustain the
life of the villages through the long cold winter; a few potatoes
with a little wheat which the peasants had cached in forest dugouts
sustained life in some manner. Later had not the Allies doled out
rations of flour and other food stuffs from Archangel, many in the
Province would have perished of slow starvation during that winter of
1919.
The ration of the Bolshevik army was ample enough; a portion that
looked princely to the moujik: a _funt_ (fourteen ounces) of meat,
one and three-quarters _funts_ of bread, with tea, sugar and tobacco
for every soldier.
If the stories of the prisoners were true and not inspired by motives
of gaining sympathy, one could believe those Russians of the
_intelligencia_ who asserted that the Bolshevik party was a minority
party of terrorism, and that very few Russians were ardent Soviets.
Even Lenine himself, once said that of every one hundred Bolsheviks
fifty were knaves, forty fools, and probably only one a sincere
follower.
Two highly cultivated artillery officers, who had held commissions in
the Imperial Army, gave themselves up shortly after the battle of
Armistice Day and told a tale of being forced into the Bolshevik army
by the threat to kill their families if they refused. They said that
all Bolshevik officers were ceaselessly observed by spies who were
quick to report to Staff Headquarters the slightest symptom of a
wayward disposition, or the suspicion of any gesture of mutiny.
Few of the prisoners wore any regulation military uniforms. In
appearance there was nothing, except the carrying of firearms, to
distinguish them from the moujiks of the villages. Both were clad in
like _valenkas_, or felt boots, dirty, gray, curled, high fur hats,
shapeless dun-colored tunics. Many of the villagers were in sympathy
with the Soviets, and despite all vigilance, there was an active
system of espionage between many moujiks and the Bolshevik leaders
with which it was impossible to cope. Our Intelligence received
information that the rear attacking party had been conducted to our
lines by a prominent resident of Toulgas, and sometimes the enemy
showed amazing knowledge of our forces and the state of our
fortifications that must have come from those in whose houses we
dwelt as unwelcome guests.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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