Archeology of the lower Mimbres valley, New MexicoFewkes, Jesse Walter
History
Archeology of the lower Mimbres valley, New Mexico
Fewkes, Jesse Walter
Mimbres River Valley (N.M.) -- Antiquities
Although there is a remote likeness between the terraced house or
pueblo community of northern New Mexico[61] and the prehistoric houses
of the Lower Mimbres, its closest resemblance is to an antecedent type,
for it is possible that the terraced pueblo culture in the Rio Grande
Valley was preceded by another. This earlier type of habitation of
the Mimbres Valley was like the fragile-walled house of the natives
inhabiting a large part of Arizona and New Mexico before the Puebloan,
and we have evidence that this older style of building was scattered
over the present Pueblo area. There is no evidence of a terraced
dwelling or pueblo more than one story high in the Mimbres or the
inland basin in which it lies. In other words the ruins of the Mimbres
may be regarded as older than true pueblo ruins, resembling an earlier
type of dwelling that antedated, in the Rio Grande Valley, the terraced
houses.
The author does not find any architectural features in the remains
of the prehistoric habitations of the Mimbres Valley suggesting
Casa Grande compounds, or those massive buildings with encircling
walls which are characteristic of the plains of the Gila. Although
the walls of the Casas Grandes, in Chihuahua, are constructed in
the same way and out of material like those of Casa Grande on the
Gila, the architectural feature, an encircling wall of the latter,
has not yet been recognized on the Sierra Madre plateau.[62] Objects
found in the Gila ruins are somewhat different in form from those of
Chihuahua, while pottery from the Gila Valley ruins and that from the
inland plateau in northern Chihuahua is markedly different, with very
divergent symbolism. Not only do forms of stone implements of a shape
unknown in southern Arizona occur in southern New Mexico, but also
the methods of disposal of the dead differed among the two people.
The latter practised inhumation only, the other both cremation and
inhumation. The aborigines of the Mimbres Valley placed a bowl over
the head or face of the dead, a practice which, so far as known, does
not appear to have been so commonly in vogue in inhumation of the
prehistoric people of the Lower Gila plains.
The conventional geometric symbols on prehistoric Mimbres pottery are
readily distinguished from those on ware from Tulerosa, a tributary
of the San Francisco. The most significant feature of the Mimbres
pottery is that fifty per cent of the figures on it represent men or
animals, while out of a hundred bowls from the Gila not more than two
or three are ornamented with zoic designs. As we know comparatively
nothing of the pottery of the sources of the Upper Gila and that part
of its course which lies between the Tulerosa and the Mimbres, we can
at present venture very little information on ceramic relations, but
similarities or mixtures would naturally be expected, due to contact or
overlapping, the type of the one valley overlaying that of the other or
mingling with it.
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