Archeology of the lower Mimbres valley, New MexicoFewkes, Jesse Walter
History
Archeology of the lower Mimbres valley, New Mexico
Fewkes, Jesse Walter
Mimbres River Valley (N.M.) -- Antiquities
The sources of the Upper Salt, the largest tributary of the Gila, lie
far from the Mimbres, and close relationship in the pottery of the
ancient people inhabiting its banks is not found or expected. It is
not known whether the pottery from the Upper Salt and that from the
Upper Gila is similar, for our museums have no extensive collections
from the latter region from which to make comparisons and draw
conclusions. We know practically nothing of the prehistoric culture of
the Upper Gila.
The aborigines of the Mimbres, like those of some of the former
dwellers in Pajarito Park in New Mexico, practised a modified form of
urn burial, but the latter rarely decorated their pottery with figures
of animals. As compared with known Pueblo ceramics, the Mimbres pottery
appears to be more closely allied to ancient Keresan than to old Tewan.
Judging from what remains, the houses architecturally had little in
common with true pueblos.[63] There are no evidences of circular
subterranean kivas with pilasters, ventilators, deflectors, and niches,
as in northern New Mexico, although there is a fairly large proportion
of subterranean rooms or pit dwellings which may have been their
prototypes. Architecturally the prehistoric habitations of the Mimbres
Valley represent an old house form widely distributed in the Pueblo
region or that antedating the pueblo or terraced-house type before the
kiva had developed.
There are not sufficient data at hand to determine satisfactorily the
kinship of the prehistoric inhabitants of Mimbres Valley, but as far as
may be judged by pottery symbols it may be supposed that their culture
resembled that of other sedentary people of New Mexico and Arizona in
early times, as well as that of peoples of Chihuahua. It appears to the
author that there are so many cultural similarities among the sedentary
people which inhabited the Sierra Madre plateau, of which the Antelope
Plain of Mimbres Valley is only a northern extension, that we may
regard their culture as closely related. A specialized high development
of this inland culture took place along the Casas Grandes River,
culminating in Chihuahua. The Mimbres Valley was inhabited by people
somewhat less developed in culture.
Although the ancients of the Mimbres were related on the one side to
the Pueblos of New Mexico and on the other to more southern people,
that relationship existed between the ancestors of the same rather than
with modern Pueblos, and reached back to a time before the terraced
communal house type originated. This type of house arose in northern
New Mexico and spreading from this center extended down the San Juan
as far as the Hopi, while modifications are also found in certain
ruins on the Gila and Little Colorado, which, like Zuñi, it profoundly
influenced, but its influence never reached as far as the Lower Mimbres.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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