THE PELICAN HISTORY OF ART EDITED BY NIKOLAUS PEVSNER Z15 ARCHITECTURE: NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES HENRY-RUSSELL HITCHCOCK ------------------------------------------------------------------------ HENRY-RUSSELL HITCHCOCK ARCHITECTURE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES [Illustration] PENGUIN BOOKS BALTIMORE · MARYLAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------ _First published 1958_ _Second edition 1963_ _Penguin Books Inc._ _3300 Clipper Mill Road, Baltimore, Maryland_ * _Copyright_ © _1958 Henry-Russell Hitchcock_ * _Made and printed in Great Britain_ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ TO A.C. O’M.-W. * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF PLATES xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xix PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION xx INTRODUCTION xxi Part One _1800-1850_ 1. ROMANTIC CLASSICISM AROUND 1800 1 2. THE DOCTRINE OF J.-N.-L. DURAND AND ITS 20 APPLICATION IN NORTHERN EUROPE 3. FRANCE AND THE REST OF THE CONTINENT 43 4. GREAT BRITAIN 59 5. THE NEW WORLD 77 6. THE PICTURESQUE AND THE GOTHIC REVIVAL 93 7. BUILDING WITH IRON AND GLASS: 1790-1855 115 Part Two _1850-1900_ 8. SECOND EMPIRE PARIS, UNITED ITALY, AND 131 IMPERIAL-AND-ROYAL VIENNA 9. SECOND EMPIRE AND COGNATE MODES 152 ELSEWHERE 10. HIGH VICTORIAN GOTHIC IN ENGLAND 173 11. LATER NEO-GOTHIC OUTSIDE ENGLAND 191 12. NORMAN SHAW AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES 206 13. H. H. RICHARDSON AND McKIM, MEAD & WHITE 221 14. THE RISE OF COMMERCIAL ARCHITECTURE IN 233 ENGLAND AND AMERICA