Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
Almost all the other churches built under the Act, or by other means, in
these years were rather conventionally Grecian, that is if sufficient
funds were available; otherwise they were what is called ‘Commissioners’
Gothic’ (see Chapter 6). The contrast that the former provide with the
Walworth church helps to emphasize the highly personal character of
Soane’s achievement even in his least esteemed work. St Peter’s was
evidently designed from the inside out, and owes almost nothing to the
architecture of any period of the past. The type-church of the age in
England, however, comparable in historical significance to Lebas’s
slightly later Notre-Dame-de-Lorette in Paris, is St Pancras of 1818-22
in the Euston Road in London built by William Inwood (_c._ 1771-1843)
and his son (H. W., 1794-1843). Very evidently this was designed from
the outside in, for its features are derived from the Erechtheum, a
monument which the younger Inwood actually went to Athens to measure
after the church had been begun.[74]
English tradition required a lantern above the temple portico at the
front, and so the Inwoods devised a sort of Gibbsian tower for St
Pancras out of elements borrowed from the Athenian Tower of the Winds.
Urbane yet rather barren, the interior lacks even the tepid religious
feeling of the French basilicas of the day. The architects, and
contemporaries generally, were more interested in the caryatid
porches—for there are not one but two—that flank the rear.
Other Inwood churches in London, such as All Saints in Camden Street of
1822-4 and St Peter’s in Regent’s Square of 1824-6, are equally Greek in
detail but less directly related to particular ancient monuments. They
are also much less impressive. No more interesting are most of the
Grecian churches built by other architects. St Mary’s, Wyndham Place of
1823-4 by Smirke, however, is set apart by the circular tower placed on
the south, a feature which he had already used on St Philip’s, Salford,
of 1822-5. His church at Markham Clinton in Nottinghamshire of 1833,
cruciform in plan and with a fine octagonal lantern, is considerably
more original, but it was rather a family mausoleum than an ordinary
parish church.
A revolution was getting under way in Great Britain in the realm of
church architecture at this very time, and the heyday of the temple
church was destined to be brief. After the early thirties only
Nonconformists continued to build them. But such a Congregational chapel
as that built by F. H. Lockwood (1811-78) and Thomas Allom (1804-72) in
Great Thornton Street, Hull, in 1841-3, its broad temple front flanked
by lower side wings, still had real distinction, a distinction rarely
maintained after this date, although rather similar structures continued
to be erected for several more decades both in London and in the
provinces.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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