Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
Minor evidence of French interest—and rising interest—in the Picturesque
is not hard to find in these decades, but that is all there is. No
Picturesque modes comparable to those of the Anglo-Saxon world became
widely popular. In the first decade of the century the brothers Caccault
built at Clisson[141] in the Vendée a whole village based on their
memories of the Roman Campagna, a more considerable essay in the Italian
Villa vein than anything carried out in England. But the asymmetrically
towered Italian Villa[142] did not mature in France in the way that it
did in England, Germany, and the United States. Séheult’s _Recueil_ of
1821, of which a second edition appeared in 1847, is one of the earliest
and richest repositories of inspiration drawn from rustic Italian
building; but the edifices Séheult illustrated, however Picturesque in
other ways, are all symmetrical and quite in the Durand tradition. J.-J.
Lequeu (1758-_c._ 1824)[143] had produced bolder projects a generation
earlier. These are often asymmetrical, generally quite wildly eclectic,
and very vigorously plastic; but such things rarely, if ever, came to
execution in France except as garden fabricks. Lequeu had no success at
all in his later years.
Moreover, the Rustic Cottage mode seems to have struck no real roots in
France, even though the painter Hubert Robert and the architect Richard
Mique (1728-94), in designing the fabricks of Marie Antoinette’s Hameau
at the Petit Trianon in 1783-6, had followed native rather than English
rural models. Under the Restoration and the July Monarchy inspiration
came generally from English Cottage books. Visconti’s Château de Lussy,
S.-et-M., of 1844, though a fairly large structure, is really in the
English Cottage mode with an asymmetrically organized plan and an
irregularly composed exterior. This is almost unique and, in any case,
quite undistinguished. A more vigorous flow of rustic influence entered
France via Alsace and directly from Switzerland. The Chalet aux Loges of
1837 by Bonneau near Versailles was, as its name implies, a Swiss
Chalet, but it quite lacked the integrity of structural expression and
the originality of plastic organization of Eidlitz’s Willoughby house in
Newport, R.I., which is, of course, considerably later in date.
Occasional imitations of the _style François I_, such as the already
mentioned country house by Canissié at Draveil, S.-et-O., have some
irregularity both of outline and of plan; but in general the _François
I_ of the July Monarchy, like so much of the Jacobethan of Early
Victorian England, is Picturesque only in detail, not in general
conception.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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