Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
One cannot properly say that international Romantic Classicism derives
to any major degree from Ledoux and Boullée; one can only say that their
projects of the eighties epitomized most dramatically the final ending
of the Baroque and the crystallization of the style that succeeded it.
Many French architects of the generation of Poyet and Desprez, however,
such as J.-J. Ramée, Pompon, A.-L.-T. Vaudoyer, L.-P. Baltard, Belanger,
Grandjean de Montigny, Damesme, and Durand (to mention only those whose
names will recur later) came close to rivalling even the grandest
visions of Ledoux and Boullée in projects prepared in the nineties.[16]
After such exalted work on paper, the buildings actually executed by
this generation of Romantic Classicists often seem rather tame. So also
were the glorious social schemes of the political revolutionaries much
diluted by the functioning governments of Consulate and Empire before
and after 1800.
Only in England did the decades preceding the French Revolution produce
any development in architecture at all comparable in significance to
what was taking place then in France. But there also it is the projects
rather than the executed work of Dance—of which very little remains
except his early London church of All Hallows, London Wall, of
1765-7—that modern investigators have come to realize led most
definitely away from the transitional ‘Adam Style’ towards Romantic
Classicism. His Piranesian Newgate Prison, begun in 1769, was demolished
in 1902. By 1790, both in France and in England, the new ideas had taken
firm root, however, and other countries were not slow to accept the
mature style once it had been fully adumbrated.
The fact that the nineteenth century began with much of Europe under the
hegemony of a French Empire does not quite justify calling the
particular phase of Romantic Classicism with which the nineteenth
century opens _Empire_, although this is frequently done in most
European countries. Yet the prestige of Napoleon’s rule, and indeed its
actual extent, ensured around 1800 the continuance of that French
leadership in architecture which had started a century earlier under
Louis XIV. Beyond the boundaries of Napoleon’s realm and the lands of
his nominees and his allies, moreover, French émigrés carried the new
architectural ideas of the last years of the monarchy—for many of them
were revolutionaries in the arts, although like Ledoux politically
unacceptable to the leaders of the Revolution in France. Even in the
homeland of Napoleon’s principal opponents, the English, the prestige of
French taste, high in the eighties, hardly declined with the Napoleonic
wars. The mature Romantic Classicism of England in the last decade of
the old century and the first of the new is certainly full of French
ideas, even though it is not always clear exactly how they were
transmitted across the Channel in war-time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account