Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
If these two Chelsea houses seem to presage an early return to the
serenity of Georgian street architecture, Shaw’s J. P. Heseltine house
of 1875 at 196 Queen’s Gate in South Kensington unleashed a flood of the
most individualistic house-design London had ever seen. Stucco-fronted
houses of builders’ Renaissance design were still being erected on
contiguous sites when this tall gabled façade rose, totally oblivious of
old and new neighbours. Cut brick, moulded brick, terracotta, all of the
brightest red, surround very large mullioned windows in a composition
that is gratuitously asymmetrical at the base but symmetrical in the
upper storeys below the crowning gable. For fifteen years such houses
proliferated in the Chelsea, Kensington, and Earls Court districts of
western London. The best are by Shaw himself, such as those at 68, 62,
and 72 Cadogan Square—the first of 1879, the others of 1882—and those at
8-11 and 15 Chelsea Embankment of 1878-9; but more are by other
architects, and the vast majority by builders. In the Chelsea Embankment
range River House at No. 3 is by Bodley; Nos 4-6 are by Godwin; and No.
7 is by R. Phéné Spiers (1838-1916), an architect whose Parisian
training did not restrain him from following Shaw.
Collingham Gardens of 1881-7 by Sir Ernest George (1839-1922) and his
then partner Harold A. Peto (?-1890), a sort of square with variously
designed houses, all gabled, opening on to a lawn in the centre,
provides a still more complete illustration of what may be called
Neo-Picturesque urbanism. Not at all Shavian, the detailing of many of
these houses is very similar to that of Cuijpers’s Rijksmuseum and none
of it Queen Anne. The contiguous mansions that George & Peto built in
1882 near by in Harrington Gardens, one for W. S. Gilbert at No. 19
(Plate 104B), the other for Sir Ernest Cassel, the banker, are the most
elaborate single London examples of their domestic work. The house of
the composer of the Savoy Operas approaches very closely the German
Meistersinger mode of the period, but the touch is much
lighter—intentionally whimsical perhaps?—and both the organization of
the whole and the execution of the profuse detail is very superior to
what one finds in most contemporary German work (see Chapter 9).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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