Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
Also proposed in 1806 but not initiated until 1808 was the Bourse by
A.-T. Brongniart (1739-1813), another architect who had, like Gondoin
and Chalgrin, made his mark long before the Revolution (Plate 8B). Again
a free-standing peripteral structure like the Madeleine, the Bourse has
suffered somewhat from its enlargement in 1902-3 by J.-B.-F. Cavel (_c._
1844-1905) and H.-T.-E. Eustache (1861-?). Nearly square originally and
unpedimented—and also set much closer to the ground—it must always have
lacked the monumental presence of the Madeleine. But the interior with
its ranges of arcades, derived almost as directly from a Louis XIV
monument—in this case the court of the Invalides by Libéral Bruant—as
Chalgrin’s arch was from that of Blondel, is very characteristic of the
sort of reiterative composition generally favoured by Romantic
Classicism. L.-H. Lebas (1782-1867) was associated with the elderly
Brongniart from the start, and after Brongniart’s death the building was
finished in 1815 by E.-E. de Labarre (1764-1833). Labarre was
responsible also for the Colonne de la Grande Armée at Boulogne; this
was proposed in 1804 and begun in 1810, but, like so many Napoleonic
monuments, not finished until Louis Philippe took up its construction
again in 1833. It was finally completed by Marquise in 1844.
In 1799 a fire made it necessary to rebuild the Théâtre de l’Odéon; but
the original design of M.-J. Peyre (1730-88) and Charles de Wailly
(1729-98), dating back to 1779, was repeated in 1807 with little change,
as was also the case in 1819 when it was rebuilt again after another
fire. This provides excellent evidence of the continuity of Romantic
Classical style in France before and after the Revolution (see Chapter
3).
Napoleon had in mind the erection of various less monumental and more
utilitarian structures than the Bourse and the Odéon; some of these were
started, and one or two even finished, before the Empire came to an end.
Behind one section of the façades in the Rue de Rivoli an enormous and
rather dull General Post Office was begun in 1810 and eventually
completed to serve as the Ministry of Finance under Charles X in 1827.
Another ministry (Foreign Affairs) on the Quai d’Orsay was designed in
1810 by J.-C. Bonnard (1765-1818) and even begun in 1814; this was
eventually carried to completion by Bonnard’s pupil Jacques Lacornée
(1779-1856) in 1821-35. With its rich ordonnance of columns and arches,
Bonnard’s façade had an almost High Renaissance air, or so it would
appear from extant views of a structure long ago destroyed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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