People's army (_see also_ air force, naval forces): ground forces, 181-82; organizational patterns, 180; position in government, 179-80; rank designations, 180-81; strength, ix, 181, 183, 184; training and paramilitary training, 182-90 _passim_ People's Assembly: 106, 108, 116, 164, 179-80, 190; aim and sphere of action, 109; description, 104-05; power and influence, 110 People's councils: description, 106-07; as Party levers, 117-18 People's Police: 111, 176, 195 periodicals: 130, 131 (table 8) Pioneer organizations: 118 pipeline: xiv (fig. 1), 44, 46 Plasari, Ndreci (institute head): 117 poetry: 139 Poland: 172 police. _See_ Directorate of State Security, Frontier Guards, People's Police Politburo: 21, 105, 112, 113; communication media policy, 127; composition, 77; and the educational system, 92; and the labor situation, 148, 150; members in Council of Ministers, 106; Secretariat, 111; top executive branches, 111 politics: and creation of the modern state, 15-17; historical background, 5-6; locus of power, 2, 103, 108-11 _passim_; role of family connections, 77; the system, 108-21 Popovic, Miladin (Party founder): 17 population: control by Party and police, 2, 93-94, 137, 146, 176, 192-93, 194; ethnic composition, 1, 5, 6, 9, 49, 52-55; growth rate, 49, 51; rural character, 50, 56; social composition, 76 (table 4); statistics, 1, 49, 50-52 (table 3); summary, vii; working age, 147 Poradeci, Lasgush (poet): 139 ports: ix; facilities, 47 potatoes: 155, 156 (table 10) power, electric (_see also_ hydroelectric power): extent of use, 50, 58, 162, 163 (table 12); insufficiency, 44; production, 163 (table 12), 164; thermal plant, 160, 162 Prennushi, P. Vincenc (poet): 139 Presidium: 108; description, 105-06, 111; president, 72, 105 press: 125-28 _passim_, 129-32; use for Party purposes, 126-27 prices: consumer commodities, 64-65 proletariat: dictatorship of, 108-11 _Puna_ (newspaper): 129, 130 (table 7) radio: foreign broadcasting, 132-33; receivers and stations, 132, 133 (table 9); use for Party purposes, 126-27 Radio Tirana: v, 132 railroads: ix, xiv (fig. 1), 45-46 rainfall: 4, 26, 27, 29, 35, 36 (table 1), 37 Rama, K. (artist): 143 Red Cross: 61 regions, natural: 26-31 religion (_see also_ clergymen, Orthodox Church, Muslim religion, Roman Catholic Church): 5; under Communists, 96-102; eradication efforts, 7, 69, 96-102; law to control, 96-97; summary, viii; traditional attitudes toward differences, 67, 96; wealth confiscation, of religious bodies, 96 resources, natural: 41-44; ownership, 110 revenue: 164, 165-66 rice: 155, 156 (table 10) rivers: 37, 38 (fig. 4), 39-40 (table 2) roads: ix, xiv, (fig. 1), 25, 27, 45 Rockefeller Foundation: 59 Roman Catholic Church: 7, 67; actions against, 99-100; membership, 95