Prof. Burmeister met with three specimens of this Woodpecker at Capellán, south-west of Catamarca. White obtained examples of both sexes in Catamarca, and found it tolerably abundant in that province. "Three or four are usually observed together on a large cactus, but on being disturbed either take to another cactus or to the lofty branches of algaroba-trees." In Entrerios Mr. Barrows tells us this species is more common than _P. mixtus_, but abundant only on the Gualeguaychú, about twenty miles west of Concepcion. 253. CHLORONERPES AFFINIS (Wagl.). (ALLIED WOODPECKER.) +Chloronerpes affinis+, _Scl. et Salv. Nomencl._ p. 99; _White, P. Z. S._ 1882, p. 617 (Salta). _Description._--Above dull olive-green, with fine yellowish shaft-spots; wings and tail black, spotted with white; head black, bordered behind by a yellow nuchal collar, front of head with white shaft-spots, hinder half with scarlet ends to the feathers: beneath greyish white, with narrow black cross bands; under surface of wings white, barred with black: whole length 6·5 inches, wing 3·7, tail 2·4. _Female_ similar, but without any red on the nape. _Hab._ Brazil. White identified a pair of birds obtained at Campo Santo, in Salta, as belonging to this species, but his determination requires confirmation, as there are several forms of this genus nearly alike which require accurate discrimination. 254. CHLORONERPES FRONTALIS, Cab. (RED-FRONTED WOODPECKER.) +Chloronerpes (Campias) frontalis+, _Cab. Journ. f. Orn._ 1883, p. 110. _Description._--Like _C. maculifrons_ (Spix), but larger; red of head darker and broader, and without any golden-yellow border; beneath darker and more thickly cross-banded, with the bright bands narrower. _Hab._ Tucuman. This little-known species is one of Herr Fritz Schulz's discoveries in the mountain-forests of Tucuman. 255. CHLORONERPES AURULENTUS (Licht.). (GOLD-BACKED WOODPECKER.) +Chloronerpes aurulentus+, _Scl. et Salv. Nomencl._ p. 99; _White, P. Z. S._ 1882, p. 617 (Misiones). _Description._--Above olive-green, crown and malar stripe scarlet; sides of head slaty, with a yellowish line above and beneath; wings black, with transverse bars of rusty red; tail black: beneath greyish white, regularly barred across with black, throat yellow: whole length 8·0 inches, wing 4·8, tail 2·2. _Female_ similar, but only the nape scarlet, rest of cap like the back. _Hab._ Brazil. The occurrence of this Woodpecker in Argentina also rests upon White's authority. But as it is found in Paraguay (_cf._ Berlepsch, J. f. O. 1887, p. 120), it is very likely to extend into Misiones. White states that it is common in San Javier, and usually "seen singly in dead high trees." 256. CHLORONERPES TUCUMANUS, Cab. (TUCUMAN WOODPECKER.) +Chloronerpes tucumanus+, _Cab. Journ. f. Orn._ 1883, p. 103.