_Description._--Like _C. rubiginosus_, and principally distinguishable by its rather larger size and darker under surface, in which the yellowish hue is wanting. _Hab._ Tucuman. This is another discovery of Herr Fritz Schulz in Tucuman, which has been shortly described by Dr. Cabanis. 257. CHRYSOPTILUS CRISTATUS (Vieill.). (RED-CRESTED WOODPECKER.) +Chrysoptilus melanochlorus+, _Burm. La-Plata Reise_, ii. p. 445 (Paraná, Cordova, Tucuman). +Chrysoptilus chlorozostus+, _Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S._ 1868, p. 143 (Conchitas). +Chrysoptilus cristatus+, _Scl. et Salv. Nomencl._ p. 100; _Gibson, Ibis_, 1880, p. 11 (Buenos Ayres); _White, P. Z. S._ 1882, p. 618 (Catamarca); _Barrows, Auk_, 1884, p. 25 (Entrerios); _Withington, Ibis_, 1888, p. 468 (Lomas de Zamora). +Colaptes leucofrenatus+, _Leybola, Leopoldina_, Heft viii. p. 53 (1873). _Description._--Above black, barred across with white; rump white, with black spots; top of head black, nape scarlet; sides of head white, bordered beneath by black, which carries a scarlet malar stripe: beneath white, on the neck yellowish, thickly covered with round black spots; throat white, striped with black; under surface of wings white, tinged with yellow; tail black, lateral rectrices slightly barred with yellowish; bill and feet black: whole length 10·5 inches, wing 5·8, tail 4·0. _Female_ similar, but without the scarlet malar patch. _Hab._ Paraguay and Argentina. This Woodpecker ranges as far south as the vicinity of Buenos Ayres, and is not uncommon there in the few localities which possess wild forests. It is the handsomest of our Woodpeckers, having brighter tints than its congener of the plains, _Colaptes agricola_. Like that bird, though not to the same extent, it has diverged from the typical Picidæ in its habits, alighting sometimes on the ground to feed, and also frequently perching crosswise on branches of trees. It has a powerful, clear, abrupt, and oft-repeated note, and a rapid undulating flight. The following interesting account of its breeding-habits appears in one of Mr. Gibson's papers:--"The excavation for the nest is begun as early as September; but the eggs are only laid during the first half of October. The hole is generally commenced where some branch has decayed away; but care is taken that the remainder of the tree is sound. It opens at a height of from six to nine feet from the ground, and is excavated to a depth of nearly a foot. Occasionally it is sufficiently wide to admit of one's hand, but such is not always the case. No preparation is made for the eggs beyond the usual lining of some chips of wood.