The author of the History of Armenia, as exhibited in this volume, the Reverend M. C. Gabrielian, M.D., is a native of Armenia, was first trained in the American Mission at Marsovan, Asia Minor, came to the United States in 1881, and completed his theological studies at Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, N. J., in 1888. He then took up a course of study at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and received in 1892 the degree of Doctor of Medicine. It gives me great pleasure to write this brief foreword to the History, congratulating the author upon the excellence of his work. (Signed) WILLIAM HENRY ROBERTS. Philadelphia, Pa. PREFACE Book-writing is neither a profession nor a passion with me. But a former attempt, on a small scale, was so favorably received by the public, that I conceived the thought that a brief history of the Armenians, the first Christian Nation in the world, who have, for centuries, swelled the noble army of martyrs, would fill a gap that much needed filling. Although born an Armenian, I am also an American by adoption and, having a deep conviction and a desire to “do my bit,” I thought I could probably better serve the cause of justice and humanity by devoting considerable space in setting forth in order the Turkish Government’s atrocities, both during the reign of Abdul Hamid and under the rule of the Young Turks, since that unhappy government became a tool in the hands of the intolerable German power. The rulers of Turkey, the Young Turks, have learned of late from their Prussian masters, both by precept and example, a barbaric tyranny which utterly surpasses that of their Mongol predecessors. In order to make this volume of permanent value, I have endeavored to consult all available and authentic sources of information, both ancient and modern. I prayerfully hope that this book will be the last to speak of the deplorable condition of the Armenian people; that the next writer will be able to describe the happy and prosperous state of the country and its people. For surely God in His good providence, has raised the mighty Nations in defence of the oppressed small ones to secure for them inalienable rights, protection, justice and liberty. M. C. G. Philadelphia, Pa. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. ARMENIA 17