Mohammedan Intolerance--Location and Boundary of Ancient Armenia--Divisions--Earliest Name--Mountains--Volcanic Action and Earthquakes--Mt. Ararat--The Garden of Eden--Beauty of Scenery--Rivers--Lakes--Altitude and Climate--Fertility--Flowers, Birds and Animals--Mines and Mineral Springs--Ancient and Modern Cities--Suffering under Turkish Rule--England’s Responsibility--Hope for a Bright Future. II. THE ARMENIANS 37 Ancestry Traced to Scriptural Progenitor--Traditional Origin of Name--The First Battle for Liberty--Early Kings--Testimony from Cuneiform Inscriptions--Relation to Contemporaneous Nations--Babylonia--Assyria--The Medo-Persian Empire--Macedonia--Parthia--Names and Derivations--Tigranes the Great--Roman Ascendancy--Armenians Continued Struggle for Independence--The First Christian Prince. III. THE RELIGION OF THE ANCIENT ARMENIANS 59 Primitive Religion a Pure Monotheism in Patriarchal Form--Abraham--Melchizadek--The Bible Not a Universal History--Human Tendency Toward Retrogression--Divine Aid Necessary for True Progress--Influence of Surrounding Nations--Assyrian Idolatry--The Pantheism of Babylon--Semitic Theological Conceptions--Zoroastrianism--The Magi--Armenia Affected by Grecian Polytheism but not by Roman Deification of Her Emperors. IV. THE CONVERSION OF THE ARMENIANS 65 The Religious Condition of the World at the Time of Christ’s Birth--Christianity Carried to Armenia by Three of the Apostles--An Early Tradition of the Armenian Church--The King’s Decree that “Henceforth the Religion of Christ is the Religion of Armenia”--St. Gregory, “The Illuminator,” Ordained Bishop of Armenia--Idol Temples Pulled Down--Christian Training and Literatures--Translation of Old and New Testaments--Persian Oppression and Armenian Loyalty and Bravery--A Desperate Struggle--Address of the Armenian Commander-in-Chief--The Army of the Holy League--A Desertion--Confusion and Discouragement--A Hymn of High Resolve--Persian Conquest and Oppression--Armenian Faithfulness to Principle--Terms of Peace Leading to an Edict of Toleration--A Period of Tranquillity. V. CONFLICTING FORCES 80