Armenians Compared to Jews, because of Persecution--Number of Armenians in Different Countries--Description of Armenian Village Life--Agricultural Methods and Implements--Patriarchal Life--Shepherds--Absence of Means of Transportation--Various Trades and Callings--Churches and Schools--“The Anglo-Saxons of the East”--Popular Prejudices against the Armenians--Armenian Boats--Armenian Commerce--Accumulation of Wealth--Jealousy of Turks--An Inscription from a Tomb--Armenian Constitution of 1860--The General Assembly--The Ecclesiastical Council--Revocation of Constitution in Turkish Armenia (Aug. 12, 1916)--The Armenians in Western Persia--Russia and the Armenians--The Armenians of the Aryan Race--Testimony of the Language--Armenian Literature--Catholic and Protestant Missionaries and Impetus to Education--Armenians in Schools and Colleges of the World--An Armenian Poem. IX. THE REFORMED CHURCH 153 Condition of Church which Needed Reformation--Roman Catholic Missionaries--Catholic Armenian Church--Effect upon Armenia of the European Reformation--Work of the British and Russian Bible Societies--American Missionaries--“An Oriental Melancthon”--Translation of New Testament into Armeno-Turkish--Need of Wise Leadership--Roman and Greek Opposition--Attitude of American Board of Foreign Missions--A Turkish Pledge Unkept--A Separate Organization--New Churches--Progress of the Reformation--Preaching Tours--Family Worship--A Seminary for Women--Anathemas upon the “Heretics”--The Crimean War--An Edict of Equality Rendered Null and Void--Continued Persecution--Growth of Evangelical Churches and Doctrine--Statistics of the Work for 1914. X. CAUSES OF PROGRESS, AND HINDRANCES 169 I. THE BIBLE. Armenian Reverence for the Word of God--Translations--Co-operation between Bible Societies and Missionaries--Personal Experiences--A Refusal Turned to a Blessing in Disguise--“The Two Edged Sword”--Banishment by Turks, for Carrying a Scripture Test in Armenian. II. EDUCATION: Ancient Centers of Learning--Turkish Destruction--Activity of Armenian Press in Seventeenth Century--Work of the Enemies of Protestantism--Revival of Learning in 1835--The Seminary at Bebek--The English Language Proscribed--Discussion and Opposition--Armenians Going Abroad for College Training--Personal Mention of Men Who Had Excelled--The Advantages of General Culture--List of Native Colleges and Seminaries--Standing at Beginning of War. III. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE: Translation of Bible Followed by that of Other Books--The Mission Press--A Means of Helping Students. IV. MEDICAL WORK: Limited Knowledge of Early Native Physicians--Meaning of Christ’s Commission--Mission Hospital Work at Beginning of War--Letter from Dr. Barton. HINDRANCES: Poverty of Protestant Communities--The Mohammedan Government. XI. THE ARMENIAN QUESTION 186