Location and People of Sassoun--Vexatious Conditions--Self-defense Miscalled Insurrection--A Cruel Order--Harrowing Details of Massacre--An “Agitator’s” Appeal to the Sultan and Reward for Service Rendered--England’s Position--Armenian Mothers--Turkish Attempt to Conceal Facts--Denial of Truthfulness of Report of British Vice-Consul--Mohammedanism and Barbarism--Sultan’s Refusal to Receive President Cleveland’s Appointed Representation of the U. S.--The Sultan’s Commission and Its Work--How the Result was Received by Other Nations--A Humiliating Failure--Address of Hon. W. E. Gladstone--Rupture between Turkish and European Commissioners--Report of European Delegates--A Just Request Refused. XV. THE MASSACRES OF 1895-6 250 A Scheme of Reform Presented by the British, French, and Russian Governments--The Sultan’s Promise--Unfulfilled--Abdul Hamid II--The Truth about Armenia--Biased Statements of the German Press--Turkey’s Uncertainty as to the Action of the Powers, an Encouragement to Her Misrule--Refusal to Receive an Armenian Petition--Letter from an American Resident of Constantinople--Statistical Table of the Massacres of 1895-6--Summary--A War of Desolation--Pretense of “Suppressing a Revolution”--“Horrible Details of Butchery”--Churches Invaded and Burned--Indignities to Women and Girls--Many of Them Commit Suicide--A Daughter’s Sacrifice--Germany’s Friendship--Quotation from a German Paper--Dr. Lapsius’ Reply--More Statistics--Compulsory Conversions to Mohammedanism--Individual Instances of Faithfulness--Faithfulness to Christ Reported as Obstinacy--At Cæsarea--Report of the British Vice-Consul--Work of Miss Corinna Shattuck--Other Missionaries Give Personal Experiences--Atrocities of Soldiers and Officers--England’s Professed Inability to Act--The Massacre at Constantinople--Plans Known to Turkish Government and Made Occasion of Outbreak--Persecution Following Worse in Its Effects than Massacre Itself--“Conduct of European Powers”--Result of a Disagreement--Germany Seeking Expansion--Emperor’s Tribute to Mohammedanism. XVI. THE REVOLUTION AND MASSACRES AT ADANA, 1908-9 282 The Enemies of the Sultan--Demand for the Restoration of the Constitution--Abdul Hamid’s Insincere Acquiescence--Joy of the People--Instigation to Mutiny--The Night of April 13, 1909--Character of the Sultan’s Success--The Young Turks Take Possession of the Palace of the Sultan--Abdul Hamid Sent into Exile--Mohammedan Massacre of Christians--Disease and Starvation Follow in Wake of Murder--Letter from Wife of British Consul of Adana--Kessab--Testimony of President of St. Paul’s Institute at Tarsus--Turkish Determination to Annihilate the Armenians--“The Armenian Question” a One Sided One--Under Mohammedan Rule Reform Impossible. XVII. THE REIGN OF THE YOUNG TURK 290