Rich tombs of the past testify to belief in immortality—Cro-Magnon cave pictures probably religious—Earliest art of all nations due to religion—Dancing, song, music, sculpture, architecture, drama, epic—Gothic cathedral of religious middle-ages, synthesis of all arts. VI ART AND THE DIVINE 2. THE KINSHIP OF ART AND RELIGION 31 Hebraism, Puritanism, Islamism, reacting against art and the result—Explanation of the origin of art—Taine’s environment theory—Spencer’s play theory—Theory of fear and magic spells—Adequate explanation found in man’s intellectual nature—Art like religion intellectual—Art and religion idealistic—Personal and emotional—Art and religion social in appeal—Sublimity of art and the revelation of _Genesis_—Harmonious equation between soul and the truth of reality, between soul and the good of morality, same as equation between soul and beauty, all founded on the fact that both soul and triple reality are images of God. VII ART AND THE DIVINE 3. ART IN ITS RELATION TO VIRTUE 39 The theomorphism of man in the threefold tendency of science, morality and art—Religion, a virtue; art, a function of perceptions—Ruskin’s school of the religion of beauty—Moralizing not a function of art—Estheticism neither asceticism nor sensualism—Evil in art to be represented as evil—Evil to be a rationalized element—Contemporary evil excites feelings of reality—Art and religion ennobling—Art and religion purifying—Creation and disinterestedness most divine elements in art. VIII THE VISCERAL TEST OF BEAUTY The critic’s equipment—Defective philosophy of some modern critics, Mencken, Murry, Cohen—Ugly in art and its subdual—Esthetic feeling not concupiscence—Disinterestedness of beauty excludes sensuality of appetites—Visceral reactions not from beauty 48 PART SECOND ART IN THE TEACHING OF LITERATURE IX LOOKING FORWARD IN LITERATURE