Literature taught for use in Greece, Rome, and elsewhere—Science and history always changing; literature lasting—Object of literature in university—True humanism, equipping man’s faculties with art—Every school subject teaches its like—Correlations of literature and creation—Contemporary literature not suitable—Scientific study partly; artistic study is wholly satisfying 57 X UNIFYING EDUCATION THROUGH LITERATURE Necessity of unity—In university through profession—No unity in college electivism—Unity impaired by departments and by specializing—Unity in France, Germany and England—Departmental system destroying the art appeal of literature—Science through knowing; art through doing—Recent mental tests accentuate expression and language—General education through art of literature 64 XI THE INTERESTING TEACHER OF LITERATURE Spread of science—System and eliminating of personality—Dissertations for the doctorate—Scholarly means encyclopedic—The impersonal lecturer—Justin McCarthy’s teacher and his methods—Not scientific specialization, but exercise of mental powers—Formulas and personality—Another interesting teacher—Literature educates equally with science—The ideal 70 XII EDUCATING THE EMOTIONS Life full of emotions—Emotions intense in our crowded civilization—Morale, organized emotion—Emotions neglected in education—Education of facts dominating schools—Twofold nature of emotions—Emotions from concrete imagining—Kindled by contact—Literature embodiment of emotions—Emotions developed by self-expression and controlled by exercise 83 XIII KEEP THE CLASSICS BUT TEACH THEM Classics to be kept but taught differently—Former help of translation—Literature overwhelmed by erudition—Germany, France, England, America—True use of erudition—Natural sciences change; art endures—Reproduction, the soul of literary teaching—Method of training—Modern literatures not yet able to supplant ancient literatures 91 XIV THE VITALIZER OF THE WORLD Literary renaissances associated with Greek literature—Revivals through Irish monks—Spain, France, Scholasticism—Germany with Wolf, Winckelmann, Lessing—England under Queen Anne and Queen Victoria—Youth of civilization in Greece 100