Astronomy and General Physics Considered with Reference to Natural TheologyWhewell, William
Religion
Astronomy and General Physics Considered with Reference to Natural Theology
Whewell, William
Astronomy; Cosmic physics; Natural theology
4. Another ground of satisfactory reflection, having the same
tendency, is to be found in the admirable order and consistency,
the subordination and proportion of parts, which we find to prevail
in the universe, as far as our discoveries reach. We have, it
may be, a multitude almost innumerable of worlds, but no symptom
of crowding, of confusion, of interference. All such defects are
avoided by the manner in which these worlds are distributed into
systems;--these systems, each occupying a vast space, but yet
disposed at distances before which their own dimensions shrink
into insignificance;--all governed by one law, yet this law so
concentrating its operation on each system, that each proceeds as
if there were no other, and so regulating its own effects that
perpetual change produces permanent uniformity. This is the kind of
harmonious relation which we perceive in that part of the universe,
the mechanical part namely, the laws of which are best known to
us. In other provinces, where our knowledge is more imperfect, we
can see glimpses of a similar vastness of combination, producing,
by its very nature, completeness of detail. Any analogy by which
we can extend such views to the moral world, must be of a very
wide and indefinite kind; yet the contemplation of this admirable
relation of the arrangements of the physical creation, and the
perfect working of their laws, is well calculated to give us
confidence in a similar beauty and perfection in the arrangements
by which our moral relations are directed, our higher powers and
hopes unfolded. We may readily believe that there is, in this part
of the creation also, an order, a subordination of some relations
to others, which may remove all difficulty arising from the vast
multitude of moral agents and actions, and make it possible that
the superintendence of the moral world shall be directed with as
exact a tendency to moral good, as that by which the government of
the physical world is directed to physical good.
We may perhaps see glimpses of such an order, in the arrangements
by which our highest and most important duties depend upon our
relation to a small circle of persons immediately around us: and
again, in the manner in which our acting well or ill results from
the operation of a few principles within us; as our conscience, our
desire of moral excellence, and of the favour of God. We can hardly
consider such principles otherwise than as intended to occupy
their proper place in the system by which man’s destination is to
be determined; and thus, as among the means of the government and
superintendence of God in the moral world.
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