Astronomy Explained Upon Sir Isaac Newton's Principles: And made easy to those who have not studied mathematics — John Shaqi
Astronomy Explained Upon Sir Isaac Newton's Principles: And made easy to those who have not studied mathematicsFerguson, James
Science
Astronomy Explained Upon Sir Isaac Newton's Principles: And made easy to those who have not studied mathematics
Ferguson, James
Astronomy -- Early works to 1800
2. From this branch of knowledge we also learn by what means or laws the
Almighty carries on, and continues the admirable harmony, order, and
connexion observable throughout the planetary system; and are led by
very powerful arguments to form the pleasing deduction, that minds
capable of such deep researches not only derive their origin from that
adorable Being, but are also incited to aspire after a more perfect
knowledge of his nature, and a stricter conformity to his will.
[Sidenote: The Earth but a point as seen from the Sun.]
3. By Astronomy we discover that the Earth is at so great a distance
from the Sun, that if seen from thence it would appear no bigger than a
point; although it’s circumference is known to be 25,020 miles. Yet that
distance is so small, compared with the distance of the Fixed Stars,
that if the Orbit in which the Earth moves round the Sun were solid, and
seen from the nearest Star, it would likewise appear no bigger than a
point, although it is at least 162 millions of miles in diameter. For
the Earth in going round the Sun is 162 millions of miles nearer to some
of the Stars at one time of the year than at another; and yet their
apparent magnitudes, situations, and distances from one another still
remain the same; and a telescope which magnifies above 200 times does
not sensibly magnify them: which proves them to be at least 400 thousand
times farther from us than we are from the Sun.
[Sidenote: The Stars are Suns.]
4. It is not to be imagined that all the Stars are placed in one concave
surface, so as to be equally distant from us; but that they are
scattered at immense distances from one another through unlimited space.
So that there may be as great a distance between any two neighbouring
Stars, as between our Sun and those which are nearest to him. Therefore
an Observer, who is nearest any fixed Star, will look upon it alone as a
real Sun; and consider the rest as so many shining points, placed at
equal distances from him in the Firmament.
[Sidenote: And innumerable.]
5. By the help of telescopes we discover thousands of Stars which are
invisible to the naked eye; and the better our glasses are, still the
more become visible: so that we can set no limits either to their number
or their distances. The celebrated HUYGENS carries his thoughts so far,
as to believe it not impossible that there may be Stars at such
inconceivable distances, that their light has not yet reached the Earth
since it’s creation; although the velocity of light be a million of
times greater than the velocity of a cannon bullet, as shall be
demonstrated afterwards § 197, 216: and, as Mr. ADDISON very justly
observes, this thought is far from being extravagant, when we consider
that the Universe is the work of infinite power, prompted by infinite
goodness; having an infinite space to exert itself in; so that our
imaginations can set no bounds to it.
[Sidenote: Why the Sun appears bigger than the Stars.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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