A fairly good eye, when the night is clear and dark, will make out
six stars in this group arranged in the form of a small dipper. A
seventh star lies close to the star at the end of the handle and is
more difficult to find. It is called Pleione, and is referred to in
many legends as the lost Pleiad. Persons gifted with exceptionally
fine eyesight have made out as many as eleven stars in the group;
and with the aid of an ordinary opera-glass, anyone can see fully
one hundred stars in this cluster. Astronomers have found that The
Pleiades cluster contains at least two hundred and fifty stars, all
drifting slowly in the same general direction through space, and that
the entire group is enveloped in a fiery, nebulous mist which is
most dense around the brightest stars. It is not known whether the
stars are being formed from the nebula or whether the nebula is being
puffed off from the stars. The brightest star, Alcyone, is at least
two hundred times more brilliant than our own sun, and all of the
brighter stars in the group surpass the sun many times in brightness.
It is believed that this cluster is so large that light takes many
years to cross from one end of it to the other, and that it is so far
from the earth that its light takes over three centuries to reach
us, traveling at the rate of 186,000 miles a second.
The Hyades is a group of stars scarcely less famous than The
Pleiades, and the stars in the group also form a moving cluster of
enormous extent at a distance of 140 light-years from the earth.
Among the ancients, The Hyades were called the rain-stars, and the
word Hyades is supposed to come from the Greek word for rain. Among
the many superstitions of the past was the belief that the rising or
setting of a group of stars with the sun had some special influence
over human affairs. Since The Hyades set just after the sun in the
showery springtime and just before sunrise in the stormy days of late
fall, they were always associated with rain. In Tennyson's _Ulysses_
we read:
"Through scudding drifts the rainy Hyades
Vex'd the dim sea."
The Hyades outline the forehead of Taurus, while two bright stars
some distance to the northeast of the V form the tips of the
horns. Only the head and forequarters of the bull are shown in the
star-atlases that give the mythological groups, for, according to one
legend, he is swimming through the sea and the rest of his body is
submerged. According to another legend, Taurus is charging down upon
Orion, The Warrior, represented by the magnificent constellation just
to the southeast of Taurus, of which we shall have more to say next
month.
Aldebaran is the Arabic word for "The Hindmost," and the star is so
called because it follows The Pleiades across the sky. It is one of
the most beautiful of all the many brilliant stars visible at this
time and we might profit by following the advice of Mrs. Sigourney in
_The Stars_:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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